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1 standing\ epithet
See: epithetEnglish-Russian dictionary of stylistics (terminology and examples) > standing\ epithet
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2 standing epithet
Лингвистика: устойчивый эпитет -
3 epithet
foregrounding the emotive meaning of the word to suppress its denotational meaning- is the most widely used lexical SD;- expresses characteristics of an object, both existing and imaginary;- semantically there should be differentiated two main groups:- affective epithets- figurative epithets- transferred epithets;- structurally there should be differentiated: single epithets, pair epithets, chains or strings, two-step structures, inverted constructions, phrase-attributes- chains of epithets or strings of epithets- inverted epithets or reversed epithetsSource: V.A.K.••a stylistic device based on the interplay of emotive and logical meaning in an attributive word, phrase or even sentence, used to characterise and object and pointing out to the reader, and frequently imposing on him, some of the properties or features of the object with the aim of giving an individual perception and evaluation of these features or properties"wild wind", "loud ocean", "remorseless dash of billows", "formidable waves", "heart-burning smile"; "destructive charms", "glorious sight", "encouraging smile"
Source: I.R.G.••1) экспрессивная оценочная характеристика какого-либо явления, лица или предмета, иногда, но необязательно, образная;2) лексико-синтаксический троп, отличается необязательно переносным характером выражающего его слова и обязательным наличием в нём эмотивных или экспрессивных или других коннотаций, благодаря которым выражается отношения автора к предметуРазличают:- постоянные эпитеты (conventional/standing epithet): lady gay, fair lady, fair England, salt seas, salt tears, true love;a) тавтологические эпитеты: soft pillow, green wood;b) оценочные эпитеты: bonny boy, bonnie young page, bonnie ship, bonnie isle; false steward, proud porter;c) описательные эпитеты: silk napkin, silver cups, long tables;- эпитеты частного характера выделяют в предметах и явлениях те качества, которые имею значение для данного мышления и не образуют постоянных парА.Н.Веселовский семантически делит эпитеты на:a) тавтологические эпитеты - семантически согласованные эпитеты, подчёркивающие какое-нибудь основное свойство необходимое определяемого: fair sun, the sable night, wide sea, т.е. повторяющие в своём составе сему, обозначающую неотъемлемое свойствоb) пояснительные эпитеты указывают на какую-нибудь важную черту определяемого, не обязательно присущую всему классу предметов, к которым он принадлежит, т.е. действительно характеризующую именного его: a grand Style, unvalued jewels, vast and trunkless legs of stonec) метафорические эпитеты - эпитет с обязательной двуплановостью, указанием сходства и несходства, семантическим рассогласованием, нарушением отмеченности:- анимистические, когда неодушевлённому предмету приписывается свойство живого существа: and angry sky, the howling storm;- антропоморфные, приписывающие человеческие свойства и действия животному или предмету:: laughing valleys, surly sullen bells;Source: I.V.A.Her umbrella blocked the sun's rays but nothing blocked the heat - the sort of raw, wild heat that crushes you with its energy. (St.Lord - The Chapel)
See: lexical SDsEnglish-Russian dictionary of stylistics (terminology and examples) > epithet
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4 bonae
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
5 bonus
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
6 meliores
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
7 optimum
bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.I.Attributively.A.As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.1.Vir bonus.(α).A man morally good (kalos kagathos):(β).quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—An honest man:(γ).justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—A man of good standing in the community:(δ).id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—Ironically of bad men:(ε).sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):(ζ).bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—As a conventional courtesy:2.homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:3.in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:4.bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.(α).In gen.:(β).sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:(γ).(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:(δ).di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—5.Optimus as a laudatory epithet.(α).Vir optimus:(β).per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—Femina bona, optima:(γ).tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —Senex, pater, frater, etc.:(δ).optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—With proper names ( poet.):(ε).optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:6.quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—Bonus and Bona, names of deities.(α).Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):(β).Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—(γ).Bona Fortuna:(δ).si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —Bona Spes:(ε).Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:B.Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.With nouns denoting things.1.Things concrete, denoting excellence:2.navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—Things abstract.a.Of physical well-being:b.ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—Of the mind and soul:c.meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—Of moral relations:d.ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:e.bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:f.de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:g.optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—Good = large, considerable:h.bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:k.si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.(α).Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:(β).primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—Bona pax, without quarrelling:(γ).bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:(δ).igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—Bona societas, alliance:C.Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.In particular phrases.1.Bonae res.a.= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:b.concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:c.bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:d.homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —Costly things, articles of luxury:e.capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—Moral, morally good:f.illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:2.res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—Bonae artes.(α).A good, laudable way of dealing:(β).qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—Liberal arts and sciences:3.litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—Bona fides, or fides bona.a.Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:b.dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—Jurid. t. t.(α).Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:(β).ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:4.actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—Bona verba.(α).Kind words:(β).Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—Words of good omen (v. omen):(γ).dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—Elegant or well-chosen expressions:(δ).quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—Moral sayings:5.non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —Bona dicta.(α).Polite, courteous language:(β).hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:6.dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—Bona facta.(α).= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:(β).nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):(γ).bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:7.peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—Bona gratia.(α).A friendly understanding:(β).cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—8.Bona pars.(α).The well-disposed part of a body of persons:(β).ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):(γ).civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):(δ).bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:(ε).nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—Adverb.:(ζ).bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:9.Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—Dies bonus or bona.(α).A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):(β).tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—10.Bonus mos.(α).Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:(β).nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:11.ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —Adverbial phrases.a.Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.(α).To be of good cheer or courage:(β).bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:(γ).audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—Bonus animus, good temper, patience:b.bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—Bono modo.(α).= placide, with composure, moderation:(β).si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—In a decent manner:c.neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:II.te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.As subst.A.bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.1.In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.(α).Plur.:(β).bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—Sing.:2.malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—Bonus, a man of honor.(α).A brave man:(β).pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —A gentleman:3. (α).quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;(β).so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—Without reference to political views;4.opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—5.Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.(α).Referring to morality:(β).esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—Of the educated classes:(γ). (δ).adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—In gen., excellent:(ε).optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—Distributively:(ζ).ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):(η).hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—Attributively, with a noun:2. 1.optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;2.nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:3.quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—Bonum or bona, prosperity:4.fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—Good qualities, gifts:5.omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—Advantage, benefit:6.si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:7. a.si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—In gen.:b.paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.(α).Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—(β).Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:(γ).postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—c.In bonis esse;III.with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.Predicative use.A.With nouns or pronouns as subjects.1.Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:2.nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:3.jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—To be kind:4.bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—With reference to the gods:B.ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—Impers.1.Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).(α). (β).With subject inf.:2.nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—Melius est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—With subject inf.-clause:(γ).meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—With ut-clause:(δ).quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—With subjectclause in the subjunctive:3.nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—Optimum est.(α).With subject inf.:(β).optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—With inf.-clause:(γ).constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—With ut and subj:(δ).hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—With quod:(ε).illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):IV.sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:V.di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.With object expressed,1.By dat.(α).= good, useful, beneficial for:(β).ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—= benignus or propitius, kind to:(γ).vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:(δ).qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:(ε).accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—With dat. gerund:2.ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—By ad and acc.:refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14. -
8 устойчивый эпитет
Linguistics: conventional epithet, standing epithet -
9 BLEZA
(að), v. to bless (blezaði guð þá hinn sjaunda daginn); also with dat. (guð blezaði bæði fuglum ok fiskum).* * *bletza, mod. blessa, að, [A. S. bletzian; Engl. bless; akin to blót, blóta, denoting worship]:—to bless; an English word, which came to Icel. and Norway along with the Gospel; in Norway it never took root, and soon died out, and is at present unknown in Scandinavia; whilst in Icel. it grew from a term of worship into a household word of endearment and affection; the guest or traveller is met with a ‘Guð blessi þig,’ God bless thee, in reply to his greeting, ‘hér sé Guð,’ when entering a house; it is also the reply to one returning thanks. The Norseman, Swede, and Dane say, ‘Gud signe dig’ (cp. Germ. segnen), whilst ‘signa’ ( signare) in Icel. usage only means to make the sign of the cross. Bleza is used as a standing epithet of the sun, blessuð sólin, the blessed sun: so also the alliterative phrase, blessað barnið, the blessed bairn; blessaðr, blessuð, in addressing, cp. Engl. bless you! In old writers it answers to Lat. benedicere:α. with acc., Stj. 28, 655 ix, ‘benedictus’ þýðir b., xxi, Fms. i. 230, K. Á. 120.β. with dat., rare and now unusual; Guð b. fiskum ok fuglum, Stj. 18, Eluc. 40, Blas. 40; blessuð ertú á meðal kvenna, N. T. Luke i. 28.2. reflex. to give good luck, succeed. -
10 reifr
a. glad, cheerful (r. við e-n).* * *adj. glad, cheerful; gladr ok reifr, Hm. 14; heima glaðr ok við gesti reifr, 102; er Guðmundr reifr við þá ok veitir þeim stórmannliga, Ísl. ii. 388; reifr gékk herr und hlífar, Edda (in a verse); bjór-r., cheerful from wine, Ls. 18; hug-r., joyful of heart, Hallfred; böð-r., gunn-r., her-r., hjaldr-r., ‘war-glad,’ Lex. Poët., a standing epithet of a warrior, which reminds of Tacitus’ ‘Germani, laeta bello gens.’ -
11 Argenteus
1.argentĕus, a, um, adj. [argentum].I.Of or from silver, made of silver (cf. argentum, I. A.): polubrum, Liv. And. ap. Non. p. 544, 23:II.aquila,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:brattea,
Plin. 37, 7, 31, § 105:phalerae,
id. 8, 5, 5, § 12:vasa,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 73; so Vulg. Gen. 24, 53; ib. 2 Tim. 2, 20; Tac. G. 5:Triton,
Suet. Claud. 21 fin.:dei,
Vulg. Dan. 5, 4:leones,
ib. 1 Par. 28, 17:simulacra,
ib. Apoc. 9, 20:nummus,
Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 36:denarius,
Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 38; also absol. argenteus, Tac. G. 5; so Vulg. Gen. 20, 16; ib. Matt. 26, 15 al.—Metaph.A.Adorned with silver, = argentatus:B.scaena,
Cic. Mur. 19 fin.:acies,
Liv. 10, 39 (cf. a little before: per picta atque aurata scuta; and v. argentatus, I.).—Of a white, silver color, silvery:C.niveis argentea pennis Ales,
Ov. M. 2, 536:color,
id. ib. 10, 213; so,fons,
id. ib. 3, 407:undae,
Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 31:lilia,
Prop. 5, 4, 25:anser,
Verg. A. 8, 655:crinis,
Plin. 2, 25, 22, § 90 al. —Of the silver age:III.subiit argentea proles, Auro deterior, fulvo pretiosior aere,
Ov. M. 1, 114.—In comic style, of or from money (cf. argentum, I. B. 2.):2.salus,
a silver salutation, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 44 sq.: amica tua facta est argentea, is turned into money, i. e. has been sold, id. ib. 1, 3, 113.Argentĕus, a, um, adj., a standing epithet of a river in Gallia Narbonensis, now Argents: flumen Argenteum, Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1:amnis Argenteus,
Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; with a tēte du pont and castle: Pons Argenteus, Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, B. -
12 argenteus
1.argentĕus, a, um, adj. [argentum].I.Of or from silver, made of silver (cf. argentum, I. A.): polubrum, Liv. And. ap. Non. p. 544, 23:II.aquila,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:brattea,
Plin. 37, 7, 31, § 105:phalerae,
id. 8, 5, 5, § 12:vasa,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 73; so Vulg. Gen. 24, 53; ib. 2 Tim. 2, 20; Tac. G. 5:Triton,
Suet. Claud. 21 fin.:dei,
Vulg. Dan. 5, 4:leones,
ib. 1 Par. 28, 17:simulacra,
ib. Apoc. 9, 20:nummus,
Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 36:denarius,
Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 38; also absol. argenteus, Tac. G. 5; so Vulg. Gen. 20, 16; ib. Matt. 26, 15 al.—Metaph.A.Adorned with silver, = argentatus:B.scaena,
Cic. Mur. 19 fin.:acies,
Liv. 10, 39 (cf. a little before: per picta atque aurata scuta; and v. argentatus, I.).—Of a white, silver color, silvery:C.niveis argentea pennis Ales,
Ov. M. 2, 536:color,
id. ib. 10, 213; so,fons,
id. ib. 3, 407:undae,
Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 31:lilia,
Prop. 5, 4, 25:anser,
Verg. A. 8, 655:crinis,
Plin. 2, 25, 22, § 90 al. —Of the silver age:III.subiit argentea proles, Auro deterior, fulvo pretiosior aere,
Ov. M. 1, 114.—In comic style, of or from money (cf. argentum, I. B. 2.):2.salus,
a silver salutation, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 44 sq.: amica tua facta est argentea, is turned into money, i. e. has been sold, id. ib. 1, 3, 113.Argentĕus, a, um, adj., a standing epithet of a river in Gallia Narbonensis, now Argents: flumen Argenteum, Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1:amnis Argenteus,
Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; with a tēte du pont and castle: Pons Argenteus, Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, B. -
13 सु _su
1सु I. 1 U. (सुवति-ते) To go, move. -II. 1, 2 P. (सवति, सौति) To possess power or supremacy. -III. 5. U. (सुनोति, सुनुते; सुत; the स् of सु is changed to ष् after any preposition ending in इ or उ)1 To press out or extract juice.-2 To distil.-3 To pour out, sprinkle, make a libation.-4 To perform a sacrifice especially the Soma (sacrifice).-5 To bathe.-6 To churn. -Desid. (सुषूषति-ते) -- With उद् to excite, agitate. -प्र to produce, beget.2सु ind. A particle often used with nouns to form Karmadhāraya and Bahuvrīhī compounds, and with adjectives and adverbs. It has the following senses:--1 Well, good, excellent; as in सुगन्धि.-2 Beautiful, handsome; as in सुमध्यमा, सुकेशी &c.-3 Well, perfectly, thoroughly, properly; सुजीर्णमन्नं सुविचक्षणः सुतः सुशासिता स्त्री नृपतिः सुसेवितः......सुदीर्घकाले$पि न याति विक्रियाम् H.1.22.-4 Easily, readily, as in सुकर or सुलभ q. v.-5 Much, very much, exceedingly; सुदारुण, सुदीर्घ &c.-6 Worthy of respect or reverence.-7 It is also said to have the senses of assent, prosperity, and distress.-Comp. -अक्ष a.1 having good eyes.-2 having keen organs, acute.-अङ्ग a. well-shaped, handsome, lovely.-अच्छ a. see s. v.-अन्त a. having happy end, ending well.-अल्प, -अल्पक a. see s. v.-अस्ति, -अस्तिक see s. v.-आकार, -आकृति a. well-formed, handsome, beautiful.- आगत see s. v.-आदानम् taking justly or properly; स्वादानाद्वर्णसंसर्गात्त्वबलानां च रक्षणात् । बलं संजायते राज्ञः स प्रेत्येह च वर्धते ॥ Ms.8.172.-आभास a. very splendid or illustrious; सारतो न विरोधी नः स्वाभासो भरवानुत Ki.15. 22.-इष्ट a. properly sacrificed; स्विष्टं यजुर्भिः प्रणतो$स्मि यज्ञम् Bhāg.4.7.41. ˚कृत् m. a form of fire; धर्मादिभ्यो यथान्यायं मन्त्रैः स्विष्टकृतं बुधः Bhāg.11.27.41.-उक्त a. well-spoken, well-said; अथवा सूक्तं खलु केनापि Ve.3. (-क्ता) a kind of bird (सारिका).(-क्तम्) 1 a good or wise saying; नेतुं वाञ्छति यः खलान् पथि सतां सूक्तैः सुधा- स्यन्दिभिः Bh.2.6; R.15.97.-2 a Vedic hymn, as in पुरुषसूक्त &c. ˚दर्शिन् m. a hymn-seer, Vedic sage. ˚वाकन्यायः A rule of interpretation according to which some thing that is declared as being subordinate to some- thing else should be understood to signify a part or whole on the basis of expediency or utility. This is discussed by जैमिनि and शबर at MS.3.2.15-18. ˚वाच् f.1 a hymn.-2 praise, a word of praise.-उक्तिः f.1 a good or friendly speech.-2 a good or clever saying.-3 a correct sentence.-उत्तर a.1 very superior.-2 well towards the north.-उत्थान a. making good efforts, vigorous, active. (-नम्) vigorous effort or exertion.-उन्मद, -उन्माद a. quite mad or frantic.- उपसदन a. easy to be approached.-उपस्कर a. furnished with good instruments.-कण्टका the aloe plant.-कण्ठ a. sweet- voiced. (-ण्ठी) the female cuckoo.-कण्डुः itch.-कन्दः 1 an onion.-2 a yam.-3 a sort of grass.-कन्दकः onion.-कर a. (-रा or-री f.)1 easy to be done, practi- cable, feasible; वक्तुं सुकरं कर्तुं (अध्यवसातुं) दुष्करम् Ve.3 'sooner said than done'.-2 easy to be managed. (-रः) a good-natured horse. (-रा) a tractable cow. (-रम्) charity, benevolence.-कर्मन् a.1 one whose deeds are righteous, virtuous, good.-2 active, diligent. (-m.) N. of Visvakarman.-कल a. one who has acquired a great reputation for liberality in giving and using (money &c,)-कलिल a. well filled with.-कल्प a. very qualified or skilled; कालेन यैर्वा विमिताः सुकल्पैर्भूपांसवः खे मिहिका द्युभासः Bhāg.1.14.7.-कल्पित a. well equip- ped or armed.-कल्य a. perfectly sound.-काण्डः the Kāravella plant.-काण्डिका the Kāṇḍīra creeper.-काण्डिन् a.1 having beautiful stems.-2 beautifully joined. (-m.) a bee.-काष्ठम् fire-wood.-कुन्दकः an onion.-कुमार a.1 very delicate or soft, smooth.-2 beautifully young or youthful.(-रः) 1 a beautiful youth.-2 a kind of sugar-cane.-3 a kind of grain (श्यामाक).-4 a kind of mustard.-5 the wild Cham- paka.(-रा) 1 the double jasmine.-2 the plantain.-3 the great-flowered jasmine.-कुमारकः 1 a beauti- ful youth.-2 rice (शालि).(-कम्) 1 the Tamāla- patra.-2 a particutar part of the ear.-कुमारी the Navamallikā jasmine.-कृत् a.1 doing good, benevolent.-2 pious, virtuous, righteous.-3 wise, learned.-4 for- tunate, lucky.-5 making good sacrifices or offerings. (-m.)1 a skilful worker.-2 N. of Tvaṣṭri.-कृत a.1 done well or properly.-2 thoroughly done; कच्चिन्नु सुकृतान्येव कृतरूपाणि वा पुनः । विदुस्ते सर्वकार्याणि Rām.2.1.2.-3 well made or constructed.-4 treated with kindness, assisted, befriended.-5 virtuous, righteous, pious.-6 lucky, fortunate.(-तम्) 1 any good or virtuous act, kindness, favour, service; नादत्ते कस्यचित् पापं न चैव सुकृतं विभुः Bg.5.15; Me.17.-2 virtue, moral or religious merit; स्वर्गाभिसंधिसुकृतं वञ्चनामिव मेनिरे Ku.6.47; तच्चिन्त्यमानं सुकृतं तवेति R.14.16.-3 fortune, auspiciousness.-4 recompense, reward.-5 Penance; तदभूरिवासरकृतं सुकृतैरुप- लभ्य वैभवमनन्यभवम् Ki.6.29.-कृतिः f.1 well-doing, a good act.-2 kindness, virtue.-3 practice of penance.-4 auspiciousness.-कृतिन् a.1 acting well or kindly.-2 virtuous, pious, good, righteous; सन्तः सन्तु निरापदः सुकृतिनां कीर्तिश्चिरं वर्धताम् H.4.132; चतुर्विधा भजन्ते मां जनाः सुकृतिनो$र्जुन Bg.7.16.-3 wise, learned.-4 benevolent.-5 fortunate, lucky.-कृत्यम् a good action; सुकृत्यं विष्णु- गुप्तस्य मित्राप्तिर्भार्गवस्य च Pt.2.45.-केश(स)रः the citron tree.-क्रतुः 1 N. of Agni.-2 of Śiva.-3 of Indra.-4 of Mitra and Varuṇa.-5 of the sun.-6 of Soma.-क्रयः a fair bargain.-क्षेत्र a. sprung from a good womb.-खल्लिका luxurious life.-ग a.1 going gracefully or well.-2 graceful, elegant.-3 easy of access; अकृत्यं मन्यते कृत्यमगम्यं मन्यते सुगम् । अभक्ष्यं मन्यते भक्ष्यं स्त्रीवाक्यप्रेरितो नरः ॥ Pt.2.148.-4 intelligible, easy to be understood (opp. दुर्ग). (-गः) a Gandharva; गीतैः सुगा वाद्यधराश्च वाद्यकैः Bhāg.1.12.34.(-गम्) 1 ordure, feces.-2 happiness.-गण् m. a good calculator; L. D. B. -a. counting well.-गणकः a good calculator or astronomer.-गत a.1 well-gone or passed.-2 well-bestowed. (-तः) an epithet of Buddha.-गतिः 1 Welfare, hap- piness.-2 a secure refuge.-गन्धः 1 fragrance, odour, perfume.-2 sulphur.-3 a trader.(-न्धम्) 1 sandal.-2 small cumin seed.-3 a blue lotus.-4 a kind of fragrant grass. (-न्धा) sacred basil.-गन्धकः 1 sulphur.-2 the red Tulasee.-3 the orange.-4 a kind of gourd,-गन्धमूला a land-growing lotus-plant; L. D. B.-गन्धारः an epithet of Śiva.-गन्धि a.1 sweet-smelling, fra- grant, redolent with perfumes.-2 virtuous, pious.(-न्धिः) 1 perfume, fragrance.-2 the Supreme Being.-3 a kind of sweet-smelling mango. (-न्धि n.)1 the root of long pepper.-2 a kind of fragrant grass.-3 cori- ander seed. ˚त्रिफला1 nutmeg.-2 areca nut.-3 cloves. ˚मूलम् the root Uśīra. ˚मूषिका the musk-rat.-गन्धिकः 1 incense.-2 sulphur.-3 a kind of rice. (-कम्) the white lotus.-गम a.1 easy of access, accessible.-2 easy.-3 plain, intelligible.-गरम् cinnabar.-गहना an enclosure round a place of sacrifice to exclude profane access. ˚वृत्तिः f. the same as above.-गात्री a beautiful woman.-गृद्ध a. intensely longing for.-गृह a. (-ही f.) having a beautiful house or abode, well-lodged; सुगृही निर्गृहीकृता Pt.1.39.-गृहीत a.1 held well or firmly, grasped.-2 used or applied properly or auspiciously. ˚नामन् a.1 one whose name is auspiciously invoked, one whose name it is auspicious to utter (as Bali, Yudhi- ṣṭhira), a term used as a respectful mode of speaking; सुगृहीतनाम्नः भट्टगोपालस्य पौत्रः Māl.1.-ग्रासः a dainty mor- sel.-ग्रीव a. having a beautiful neck.(-वः) 1 a hero.-2 a swan.-3 a kind of weapon.-4 N. of one of the four horses of Kṛiṣṇa.-5 of Śiva.-6 of Indra.-7 N. of a monkey-chief and brother of Vāli. [By the advice of Kabandha, Rāma went to Sugrīva who told him how his brother had treated him and besought his assistance in recovering his wife, promising at the same time that he would assist Rāma in recovering his wife Sīta. Rāma, therfore, killed vāli, and installed Sugrīva on the throne. He then assisted Rāma with his hosts of monkeys in conquering Rāvaṇa, and recovering Sīta.] ˚ईशः N. of Rāma; सुग्रीवेशः कटी पातु Rāma-rakṣā.8.-ग्ल a. very weary or fatigued.-घोष a. having a pleasant sound. (-षः) N. of the conch of Nakula; नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणपुष्पकौ Bg.1.16.-चक्षुस् a. having good eyes, seeing well. (-m.)1 discerning or wise man, learned man.-2 The glomerous fig-tree.-चरित, -चरित्र a.1 well-conducted, well-behaved; वृषभैकादशा गाश्च दद्यात् सुचरितव्रतः Ms.11.116.-2 moral, virtuous; तान् विदित्वा सुचरितैर्गूढैस्तत्कर्मकारिभिः Ms.9.261. (-तम्, -त्रम्) 1 good conduct, virtuous deeds.-2 merit; तव सुचरितमङ्गुलीय नूनं प्रतनु Ś.6.1. (-ता, -त्रा) a well-conducted, devoted, and virtuous wife.-चर्मन् m. the Bhūrja tree.-चित्रकः 1 a king fisher.-2 a kind of speckled snake.-चित्रा a kind of gourd.-चिन्ता, -चिन्तनम् deep thought, deep reflection or consideration.-चिरम् ind. for a very long time, very long.-चिरायुस् m. a god, deity.-चुटी a pair of nippers or tongs.-चेतस् a.1 well-minded.-2 wise.-चेतीकृत a. with the heart satiated; well- disposed; ततः सुचेतीकृतपौरभृत्यः Bk.3.2.-चेलकः a fine cloth.-च्छद a. having beautiful leaves.-छत्रः N. of Śiva. (-त्रा) the river Sutlej.-जन a.1 good, virtuous, respectable.-2 kind, benevolent.(-नः) 1 a good or virtuous man, benevolent man.-2 a gentleman.-3 N. of Indra's charioteer.-जनता 1 goodness, kind- ness, benevolence, virtue; ऐश्वर्यस्य विभूषणं सुजनता Bh.2. 82.-2 a number of good men.-3 bravery.-जन्मन् a.1 of noble or respectable birth; या कौमुदी नयनयोर्भवतः सुजन्मा Māl.1.34.-2 legitimate, lawfully born.-जलम् a lotus.-जल्पः 1 a good speech.-2 a kind of speech thus described by Ujjvalamaṇi; यत्रार्जवात् सगाम्भीर्यं सदैन्यं सहचापलम् । सोत्कण्ठं च हरिः स्पृष्टः स सुजल्पो निगद्यते ॥-जात a.1 well-grown, tall.-2 well made or produced.-3 of high birth.-4 beautiful, lovely; सुजातं कल्याणी भवतु कृत- कृत्यः स च युवा Māl.1.16; R.3.8.-5 very delicate; खिद्यत् सुजाताङ्घ्रितलामुन्निन्ये प्रेयसीं प्रियः Bhāg.1.3.31.-डीनकम् a kind of flight of birds; Mb.8.41.27 (com. पश्चाद् गतिः पराडीनं स्वर्गगं सुडीनकम्).-तनु a.1 having a beautiful body.-2 extremely delicate or slender, very thin.-3 emaciated. (-नुः, -नूः f.) a lovely lady; एताः सुतनु मुखं ते सख्यः पश्यन्ति हेमकूटगताः V.1.1; Ś.7.24.-तन्त्री a.1 well-stringed.-2 (hence) melodious.-तपस् a.1 one who practises austere penance; a वानप्रस्थ; स्विष्टिः स्वधीतिः सुतपा लोकाञ्जयति यावतः Mb.12.71.3.-2 having great heat. (-m.)1 an ascetic, a devotee, hermit, an anchorite.-2 the sun. (-n.) an austere penance.-तप्त a.1 greatly harassed, afflicted.-2 very severe (as a penance); तपसैव सुतप्तेन मुच्यन्ते किल्बिषात्ततः Ms.11.239.-तमाम् ind. most excellently, best.-तराम् ind.1 bet- ter, more excellently.-2 exceedingly, very, very much, excessively; तया दुहित्रा सुतरां सवित्री स्फुरत्प्रभामण्डलया चकाशे Ku.1.24; सुतरां दयालुः R.2.53;7.21;14.9;18.24.-3 more so, much more so; मय्यप्यास्था न ते चेत्त्वयि मम सुतरा- मेष राजन् गतो$ स्मि Bh.3.3.-4 consequently.-तर्दनः the (Indian) cuckco.-तर्मन् a. good for crossing over; सुतर्माणमधिनावं रुहेम Ait. Br.1.13; (cf. also यज्ञो वै सुतर्मा).-तलम् 1 'immense depth', N. of one of the seven regi- ons below the earth; see पाताल; (याहि) सुतलं स्वर्गीभिः प्रार्थ्यं ज्ञातिभिः परिवारितः Bhāg.8.22.33.-2 the foundation of a large building.-तान a. melodious.-तार a.1 very bright.-2 very loud; सुतारैः फूत्कारैः शिव शिव शिवेति प्रतनुमः Bh.3.2.-3 having a beautiful pupil (as an eye). (-रः) a kind of perfume. (-रा) (in Sāṁkhya) one of the nine kinds of acquiescence.-तिक्तकः the coral tree.-तीक्ष्ण a.1 very sharp.-2 very pungent.-3 acutely painful.(-क्ष्णः) 1 the Śigru tree.-2 N. of a sage; नाम्ना सुतीक्ष्णश्चरितेन दान्तः R.13.41. ˚दशनः an epithet of Śiva.-तीर्थः 1 a good preceptor.-2 N. of Śiva. -a. easily crossed or traversed.-तुङ्ग a. very lofty or tall.(-ङ्गः) 1 the cocoa-nut tree.-2 the culminating point of a planet.-तुमुल a. very loud.-तेजन a. well-pointed, sharpened. (-नः) a well-pointed arrow.-तेजस् a.1 very sharp.-2 very bright, or splendid.-3 very mighty. (-m.) a worshipper of the sun.-दक्षिण a.1 very sincere or upright.-2 liberal or rich in sacrificial gifts; यज्ञैर्भूरिसुदक्षिणैः सुविहितैः संप्राप्यते यत् फलम् Pt.1. 31.-3 very skilful.-4 very polite. (-णा) N. of the wife of Dilīpa; तस्य दाक्षिण्यरूढेन नाम्ना मगधवंशजा पत्नी सुदक्षिणेत्यासीत् R.1.31;3.1.-दण्डः a cane, ratan.-दत् a. (-ती f.) having handsome teeth; जगाद भूयः सुदतीं सुनन्दा R.6.37.-दन्तः 1 a good tooth.-2 an actor; a dancer. (-न्ती) the female elephant of the north-west quarter.-दर्श a. lovely, gracious looking; सुदर्शः स्थूललक्षयश्च न भ्रश्येत सदा श्रियः Mb.12.56.19 (com. सुदर्शः प्रसन्नवक्त्रः).-दर्शन a. (-ना or-नी f.)1 good-looking, beautiful, handsome.-2 easily seen. (-नः) the discus of Viṣṇu; as in कृष्णो$प्यसु- दर्शनः K.-2 N. of Śiva.-3 of mount Meru.-4 a vul- ture. (-नी, -नम्) N. of Amarāvatī, Indra's capital. (-नम्) N. of Jambudvīpa.-दर्शना 1 a handsome wo- man.-2 a woman.-3 an order, a command.-4 a kind of drug.-दास् a. very bountiful.-दान्तः a Buddhist.-दामन् a. one who gives liberally. (-m.)1 a cloud.-2 a moun- tain.-3 the sea.-4 N. of Indra's elephant.-5 N. of a very poor Brāhmaṇa who came to Dvārakā with only a small quantity of parched rice as a present to his friend Kṛiṣṇa, and was raised by him to wealth and glory.-दायः 1 a good or auspicious gift.-2 a special gift given on particular solemn occasions.-3 one who offers such a gift.-दिनम् 1 a happy or auspicious day.-2 a fine day or weather (opp दुर्दिनम्); so सुदिनाहम् in the same sense.-दिह् a. well-polished, bright.-दीर्घ a. very long or extended. (-र्घा) a kind of cucumber.-दुराधर्ष a.1 very hard to get.-2 quite intolerable.-दुरावर्त a. a very hard to be convinced.-दुरासद a. unapproachable.-दुर्जर a. very difficult to be digested.-दुर्मनस् a. very troubled in mind.-दुर्मर्ष a. quite in- tolerable.-दुर्लभ a. very scarce or rare.-दुश्चर a.1 inaccessible.-2 very painful.-दुश्चिकित्स a. very difficult to be cured.-दुष्प्रभः a chameleon.-दूर a. very distant or remote. (-सुदूरम् means1 to a great distance.-2 to a very high degree, very much; सुदूरं पीडयेत् कामः शरद्गुणनिरन्तरः Rām.4.3.12.-सुदूरात् 'from afar, from a distance').-दृढ a. very firm or hard, compact.-दृश् a. having beautiful eyes. (-f.) a pretty woman.-देशिकः a good guide.-धन्वन् a. having an excellent bow. (-m.)1 a good archer or bowman.-2 Ananta, the great serpent.-3 N. of Viśvakarman. ˚आचार्यः a mixed caste; वैश्यात्तु जायते व्रात्यात् सुधन्वाचार्य एव च Ms.1.23.-धर्मन् a. attentive to duties. (-f.) the council or assembly of gods. (-m.)1 the hall or palace of Indra.-2 one diligent in properly maintaining his family.-धर्मा, -र्मी 1 the council or assembly of gods (देवसभा); ययावुदीरितालोकः सुधर्मानवमां सभाम् R.17.27.-2 (सुधर्मा) N. of Dvārakā; दिवि भुव्यन्तरिक्षे च महोत्पातान् समु- त्थितान् । दृष्ट्वासीनान् सुधर्मायां कृष्णः प्राह यदूनिदम् ॥ Bhāg.11.3. 4;1.14.34.-धात a. well cleaned.-धार a. well-pointed (as an arrow).-धित a. Ved.1 perfect, secure.-2 kind, good.-3 happy, prosperous.-4 well-aimed or directed (as a weapon).-धी a. having a good understanding, wise, clever, intelligent. (-धीः) a wise or intelligent man, learned man or pandit. (-f.) a good under- standing, good sense, intelligence. ˚उपास्यः1 a particu- lar kind of royal palace.-2 N. of an attendant on Kṛiṣṇa. (-स्यम्) the club of Balarāma. ˚उपास्या1 a woman.-2 N. of Umā, or of one of her female com- panions.-3 a sort of pigment.-ध्रूम्रवर्णा one of the seven tongues of fire.-नन्दम् N. of Balarāma's club; प्रतिजग्राह बलवान् सुनन्देनाहनच्च तम् Bhāg.1.67.18.-नन्दः a kind of royal palace.-नन्दा 1 N. of a woman.-2 N. of Pārvatī; L. D. B.-3 yellow pigment; L. D. B.-नयः 1 good conduct.-2 good policy.- नयन a. having beau- tiful eyes. (-नः) a deer.(-ना) 1 a woman having beautiful eyes.-2 a woman in general.-नाभ a.1 having a beautiful navel.-2 having a good nave or cen- tre.(-भः) 1 a mountain.-2 the Maināka mountain, q. v. (-भम्) a wheel, discus (सुदर्शन); ये संयुगे$चक्षत तार्क्ष्यपुत्रमंसे सुनाभायुधमापतन्तम् Bhāg.3.2.24.-नालम् a red water-lily.-निःष्ठित a. quite ready.-निर्भृत a. very lonely or private. (-तम्) ind. very secretly or closely, very narrowly, privately.-निरूढ a. well-purged by an injection; Charaka.-निरूहणम् a good purgative.-निर्णिक्त a. well polished.-निश्चलः an epithet of Śiva.-निषण्णः (-कः) the herb Marsilea Quadrifolia (Mar. कुऱडू).-निहित a. well-established.-नीत a.1 well-con- ducted, well-behaved.-2 polite, civil.(-तनि) 1 good conduct or behaviour.-2 good policy or prodence.-नीतिः f.1 good conduct, good manners, propriety.-2 good policy.-3 N. of the mother of Dhruva, q. v.-नीथ a. well-disposed, well conducted, righteous, vir- tuous, good.(-थः) 1 a Brāhmaṇa.-2 N. of Śiśupāla, q. v.; तस्मिन्नभ्यर्चिते कृष्णे सुनीथः शत्रुकर्षणः Mb.1.39.11.-3 Ved. a good leader.-नील a. very black or blue. (-लः) the pomegranate tree. (-ला) common flax.(-लम्), -नीलकः a blue gem.-नु n. water.-नेत्र a. having good or beautiful eyes.-पक्व a.1 well-cooked.-2 thoroughly matured or ripe. (-क्वः) a sort of fra- grant mango.-पठ a. legible.-पत्नी a woman having a good husband.-पत्र a.1 having beautiful wings.-2 well-feathered (an arrow).-पथः 1 a good road.-2 a good course.-3 good conduct.-पथिन् m. (nom. sing. सुपन्थाः) a good road.-पद्मा orris root.-परीक्षित a. well-examined.-पर्ण a. (-र्णा or-र्णी f.)1 well-winged; तं भूतनिलयं देवं सुपर्णमुपधावत Bhāg.8.1.11.-2 having good or beautiful leaves.(-र्णः) 1 a ray of the sun.-2 a class of bird-like beings of a semi-divine charac- ter.-3 any supernatural bird.-4 an epithet of Garuḍa; ततः सुपर्णव्रजपक्षजन्मा नानागतिर्मण्डलयन् जवेन Ki.16.44.-5 a cock.-6 the knowing (ज्ञानरूप); देहस्त्वचित्पुरुषो$यं सुपर्णः क्रुध्येत कस्मै नहि कर्ममूलम् Bhāg.11.23.55.-7 Any bird; द्वा सुपर्णा सयुजा सखाया समानं वृक्षं परिषस्वजाते Muṇd. 3.1.1. ˚केतुः N. of Viṣṇu; तमकुण्ठमुखाः सुपर्णकेतोरिषवः क्षिप्तमिषुव्रजं परेण Śi.2.23.-पर्णकः = सुपर्ण.-पर्णा, -पर्णी f.1 a number of lotuses.-2 a pool abounding in lotuses.-3 N. of the mother of Garuḍa.-पर्यवदात a. very clean.-पर्याप्त a.1 very spacious; तस्य मध्ये सुपर्याप्तं कारयेद् गृहमात्मनः Ms.7.76.-2 well-fitted.-पर्वन् a. well- jointed, having many joints or knots. (-m.)1 a bam- boo.-2 an arrow.-3 a god, deity; विहाय या सर्वसुपर्व- नायकम् N.4.9;14.41,76.-4 a special lunar day (as the day of full or new moon, and the 8th and 14th day of each fortnight).-5 smoke. (-f.) white Dūrvā grass.-पलायित a.1 completely fled or run away.-2 skilfully retreated.-पाक्यम् a kind of medicinal salt (Mar. बिडलोण).-पात्रम् 1 a good or suitable vessel, worthy receptacle.-2 a fit or competent person, any one well-fitted for an office, an able person.-पाद् (-पाद् or-पदी f.) having good or handsome feet.-पार्श्वः 1 the waved-leaf fig-tree (प्लक्ष).-2 N. of the son of Sampāti, elder brother of Jaṭāyu.-पालि a. distinguished.-पीतम् 1 a carrot.-2 yellow sandal. (-तः) the fifth Muhūrta.-पुंसी a woman having a good husband.-पुरम् a strong fortress.-पुष्प a. (-ष्पा or-ष्पी f.) having beautiful flowers.(-ष्पः) 1 the coral tree.-2 the Śirīṣa tree. (-ष्पी) the plantain tree.(-ष्पम्) 1 cloves.-2 the menstrual excretion.-पुष्पित a.1 well blossomed, being in full flower.-2 having the hair thrilling or bristling.-पूर a.1 easy to be filled; सुपूरा स्यात् कुनदिका सुपूरो मूषिकाञ्जलिः Pt.1.25.-2 well-filling. (-रः) a kind of citron (बीजपूर).-पूरकः the Baka-puṣpa tree.-पेशस् a. beautiful, tender; रत्नानां पद्मरागो$स्मि पद्मकोशः सुपेशसाम् Bhāg.11.16.3. ˚कृत् m. a kind of fly; Bhāg.11.7.34.-प्रकाश a.1 manifest, apparent; ज्येष्ठे मासि नयेत् सीमां सुप्रकाशेषु सेतुषु Ms.8.245.-2 public, notorious.-प्रतर्कः a sound judgment.-प्रतिभा spirituous liquor.-प्रतिष्ठ a.1 standing well.-2 very celebrated, renowned, glorious, famous.(-ष्ठा) 1 good position.-2 good reputation, fame, celebrity.-3 esta- blishment, erection.-4 installation, consecration.-प्रतिष्ठित a.1 well-established.-2 consecrated.-3 ce- lebrated. (-तः) the Udumbara tree.-प्रतिष्णात a.1 thoroughly purified.-2 well-versed in.-3 well-investi- gated, clearly ascertained or determined.-प्रतीक a.1 having a beautiful shape, lovely, handsome; भगवान् भागवतवात्सल्यतया सुप्रतीकः Bhāg.5.3.2.-2 having a beau- tiful trunk.(-कः) 1 an epithet of Kāmadeva.-2 of Śiva.-3 of the elephant of the north-east quarter.-4 An honest man; स्तेयोपायैर्विरचितकृतिः सुप्रतीको यथास्ते Bhāg.1.8.31.-प्रपाणम् a good tank.-प्रभ a. very brilliant, glorious. (-भा) one of the seven tongues of fire.-प्रभातम् 1 an auspicious dawn or day-break; दिष्टथा सुप्रभातमद्य यदयं देवो दृष्टः U.6.-2 the earliest dawn.-प्रभावः omnipotence.-प्रमाण a. large-sized.-प्रयुक्तशरः a skilful archer.-प्रयोगः 1 good management or ap- plication.-2 close contact.-3 dexterity.-प्रलापः good speech, eloquence.-प्रसन्नः N. of Kubera.-प्रसाद a. very gracious or propitious. (-दः) N. of Śiva.-प्रातम् a fine morning.-प्रिय a. very much liked, agreeable. (-यः) (in prosody) a foot of two short syllables.(-या) 1 a charming woman.-2 a beloved mistress.-प्रौढा a marriageable girl.-फल a.1 very fruitful, very productive.-2 very fertile.(-लः) 1 the pomegranate tree.-2 the jujube.-3 the Karṇikāra tree.-4 a kind of bean.(-ला) 1 a pumpkin, gourd.-2 the plan- tain tree.-3 a variety of brown grape.-4 colocynth.-फेनः a cuttle-fish bone.-बन्धः sesamum.-बभ्रु a. dark-brown.-बल a. very powerful.(-लः) 1 N. of Śiva.-2 N. of the father of Śakuni.-बान्धवः N. of Śiva.-बाल a. very childish.-बाहु a.1 handsome- armed.-2 strong-armed. (-हुः) N. of a demon, brother of Mārīcha, who had become a demon by the curse of Agastya. He with Mārīcha began to disturb the sacrifice of Viśvāmitra, but was defeated by Rāma. and Lakṣmaṇa; यः सुबाहुरिति राक्षसो$परस्तत्र तत्र विससर्प मायया R.11.29.-बीजम् good seed; सुबीजं चैव सुक्षेत्रे जातं संपद्यते तथा Ms.1.69.(-जः) 1 N. of Śiva.-2 the poppy.-बोध a.1 easily apprehended or understood. (-धः) good information or advice.-ब्रह्मण्यः 1 an epithet of Kārtikeya.-2 N. of one of the sixteen priests employed at a sacrifice.-भग a.1 very fortu- nate or prosperous, happy, blessed, highly favoured.-2 lovely, charming, beautiful, pretty; न तु ग्रीष्मस्यैवं सुभगमपराद्धं युवतिषु Ś.3.9; Ku.4.34; R.11.8; Māl.9.-3 pleasant, grateful, agreeable, sweet; दिवसाः सुभगा- दित्याश्छायासलिलदुर्भगाः Rām.3.16.1; श्रवणसुभग M.3.4; Ś.1.3.-4 beloved, liked, amiable, dear; सुमुखि सुभगः पश्यन् स त्वामुपैतु कृतार्थताम् Gīt.5.-5 illustrious.(-गः) 1 borax.-2 the Aśoka tree.-3 the Champaka tree.-4 red amarnath. (-गम्) good fortune. ˚मानिन्, सुभगं- मन्य a.1 considering oneself fortunate, amiable, pleasing; वाचालं मां न खलु सुभगंमन्यभावः करोति Me.96.-2 vain, flattering oneself.-भगा 1 a woman beloved by her hus- band, a favourite wife.-2 an honoured mother.-3 a kind of wild jasmine.-4 turmeric.-5 the Priyaṅgu creeper.-6 the holy basil.-7 a woman having her husband alive (सौभाग्यवती); जयशब्दैर्द्विजाग्र्याणां सुभगानर्तितै- स्तथा Mb.7.7.9.-8 a five-year old girl representing Durgā at festivals.-9 musk. ˚सुत the son of a favou- rite wife.-भङ्गः the cocoa-nut tree.-भटः a great war- rior, champion, soldier.-भट्टः a learned man.-भद्र a. very happy or fortunate. (-द्रः) N. of Viṣṇu; साकं साकम्पमंसे वसति विदधती बासुभद्रं सुभद्रम् Viṣṇupāda S.31. (-द्रा) N. of the sister of Balarāma and Kṛiṣṇa, married to Arjuna q. v. She bore to him a son named Abhimanyu.-भद्रकः 1 a car for carrying the image of a god.-2 the Bilva tree.-भाषित a.1 spoken well or eloquent.(-तम्) 1 fine speech, eloquence, learning; जीर्णमङ्गे सुभाषितम् Bh.3.2.-2ल a witty saying, an apophthegm, an apposite saying; सुभाषितेन गीतेन युवतीनां च लीलया । मनो न भिद्यते यस्य स वै मुक्तो$थवा पशुः Subhāṣ.-3 a good remark; बालादपि सुभाषितम् (ग्राह्यम्).-भिक्षम् 1 good alms, successful begging.-2 abundance of food, an abundant supply of provisions, plenty of corn &c.-भीरकः the Palāśa tree.-भीरुकम् silver.-भूतिः 1 well-being, wel- fare.-2 the Tittira bird; Gīrvāṇa.-भूतिकः the Bilva tree.-भूषणम् a type of pavilion where a ceremony is performed on a wife's perceiving the first signs of con- ception; सुभूषणाख्यं विप्राणां योग्यं पुंसवनार्थकम् Māna.34.354.-भृत a.1 well-paid.-2 heavily laden.-भ्रू a. having beautiful eyebrows. (-भ्रूः f.) a lovely woman. (N. B. The vocative singular of this word is strictly सुभ्रूः; but सुभ्रु is used by writers like Bhaṭṭi. Kālidāsa, and Bhavabhūti; हा पितः क्वासि हे सुभ्रु Bk.6.17; so V.3.22; Ku.5.43; Māl.3.8.)-मङ्गल a.1 very auspicious.-2 abounding in sacrifices.-मति a. very wise. (-तिः f.)1 a good mind or disposition, kindness, benevolence, friendship.-2 a favour of the gods.-3 a gift, blessing.-4 a prayer, hymn.-5 a wish or desire.-6 N. of the wife of Sagara and mother of 6, sons.-मदनः the mango tree.-मदात्मजा a celestial damsel.-मधुरम् a very sweet or gentle speech, agreeable words.-मध्य, -मध्यम a. slender-waisted.-मध्या, -मध्यमा a graceful woman.-मन a. very charming, lovely, beautiful.(-नः) 1 wheat.-2 the thorn-apple. (-ना) the great-flowered jasmine.-मनस् a.1 good-minded, of a good disposition, benevolent; शान्तसंकल्पः सुमना यथा स्याद्वीतमन्युर्गौतमो माभिमृत्यो Kaṭh.1.1.-2 well-pleased, satisfied; (hence-सुमनीभू = to be at ease; जिते नृपारौ समनीभवन्ति शद्बायमानान्यशनैरशङ्कम् Bk.2.54.). (-m.)1 a god, divinity.-2 a learned man.-3 a student of the Vedas.-4 wheat.-5 the Nimba tree. (-f., n.; said to be pl. only by some) a flower; मुमुचुर्मुनयो देवाः सुमनांसि मुदान्विताः Bhāg.1.3.7; रमणीय एष वः सुमनसां संनिवेशः Māl.1. (where the adjectival; sense in 1 is also intended); किं सेव्यते सुमनसां मनसापि गन्धः कस्तू- रिकाजननशक्तिभृता मृगेण R.G; Śi.6.66. ˚वर्णकम् flowers, unguent or perfume etc. for the body; सा तदाप्रभृति सुमनो- वर्णकं नेच्छति Avimārakam 2. (-f.)1 the great-flowered jasmine.-2 the Mālatī creeper. ˚फलः the woodapple. ˚फलम् nutmeg.-मनस्क a. cheerful, happy.-मन्तु a.1 advising well.-2 very faulty or blameable. (-m.) a good adviser.-मन्त्रः N. of the charioteer of Daśāratha.-मन्दभाज् a. very unfortunate.-मर्दित a. much harassed.-मर्षण a. easy to be borne.-मित्रा 1 N. of one of the wives of Daśāratha and mother of Lakṣmaṇa and Śatrughna.-मुख a. (-खा or-खी f.)1 having a beautiful face, lovely.-2 pleasing.-3 disposed to, eager for; सुरसद्मयानसुमुखी जनता Ki.6.42.-4 favour- able, kind.-5 well-pointed (as an arrow).-6 (सुमुखा) having a good entrance.(-खः) 1 a learned man.-2 an epithet of Garuḍa.-3 of Gaṇeśa; सुमुखश्चैकदन्तश्च कपिलो गजकर्णकः Maṅgal. S.1.-4 of Śiva.(-खम्) 1 the scratch of a finger-nail.-2 a kind of building.(-खा, -खी) 1 a handsome woman.-2 a mirror.-मूलकम् a carrot.-मृत a. stone-dead.-मेखलः the Muñja grass.-मेधस a. having a good understanding, wise, intelligent; इमे अङ्गिरसः सत्रमासते$द्य सुमेधसः Bhāg.9.4.3. (-m.) a wise man. (-f.) heart-pea.-मेरुः 1 the sac- red mountain Meru, q. v.-2 N. of Śiva.-यन्त्रित a.1 well-governed.-2 self-controlled.-यमाः a parti- cular class of gods; जातो रुचेरजनयत् सुयमान् सुयज्ञ आकूति- सूनुरमरानथ दक्षिणायाम् Bhāg.2.7.2.-यवसम् beautiful grass, good pasturage.-यामुनः 1 a palace.-2 N. of Viṣṇu.-युक्तः N. of Śiva.-योगः 1 a favourable junc- ture.-2 good opportunity.-योधनः an epithet of Duryodhana q. v.-रक्त a.1 well coloured.-2 im- passioned.-3 very lovely.-4 sweet-voiced; सुरक्तगोपी- जनगीतनिःस्वने Ki.4.33.-रक्तकः 1 a kind of red chalk.-2 a kind of mango tree.-रङ्गः 1 good colour.-2 the orange.-3 a hole cut in a house (सुरङ्गा also in this sense).(-ङ्गम्) 1 red sanders.-2 vermilion. ˚धातुः red chalk. ˚युज् m. a house-breaker.-रङ्गिका the Mūrvā plant.-रजःफलः the jack-fruit tree.-रञ्जनः the betel nut tree.-रत a.1 much sported.-2 playful.-3 much enjoyed.-4 compassionate, tender.(-तम्) 1 great delight or enjoyment.-2 copulation, sexual union or intercourse, coition; सुरतमृदिता बालवनिता Bh.2. 44. ˚गुरुः the husband; पर्यच्छे सरसि हृतें$शुके पयोभिर्लोलाक्षे सुरतगुरावपत्रपिष्णोः Śi.8.46. ˚ताण्डवम् vigorous sexual movements; अद्यापि तां सुरतताण्डवसूत्रधारीं (स्मरामि) Bil. Ch. Uttara.28. ˚ताली1 a female messenger, a go-between.-2 a chaplet, garland for the head. ˚प्रसंगः addiction to amorous pleasures; कालक्रमेणाथ योः प्रवृत्ते स्वरूपयोग्ये सुरत- प्रसंगे Ku.1.19.-रतिः f. great enjoyment or satis- faction.-रस a. well-flavoured, juicy, savoury.-2 sweet.-3 elegant (as a composition). (-सः, -सा) the plant सिन्धुवार. (-सा) N. of Durgā. (-सा, -सम्) the sacred basil.(-सम्) 1 gum-myrrh.-2 fragrant grass.-राजन् a. governed by a good king; सुराज्ञि देशे राजन्वान् Ak. (-m.)1 a good king.-2 a divinity.-राजिका a small house-lizard.-राष्ट्रम् N. of a country on the western side of India (Surat). ˚जम् a kind of poison.-2 a sort of black bean (Mar. तूर). ˚ब्रह्मः a Brāhmaṇa of Surāṣṭra.-रूप a.1 well-formed, handsome, love- ly; सुरूपा कन्या.-2 wise, learned. (-पः) an epithet of Śiva.-रूहकः a horse resembling an ass.-रेतस् n. mental power (चिच्छक्ति); सुरेतसादः पुनराविश्य चष्टे Bhāg. 5.7.14.-रेभ a. fine-voiced; स्यन्दना नो चतुरगाः सुपेभा वाविपत्तयः । स्यन्दना नो च तुरगाः सुरेभा वा विपत्तयः ॥ Ki.15.16. (-भम्) tin.-लक्षण a.1 having auspicious or beautiful marks.-2 fortunate.(-णम्) 1 observing, examining carefully, determining, ascertaining.-2 a good or auspicious mark.-लक्षित a. well determined or ascertained; तुलामानं प्रतीमानं सर्वं च स्यात् सुलक्षितम् Ms.8.43.-लग्नः, -ग्नम् an auspicious moment.-लभ a.1 easy to be obtained, easy of attainment, attainable, feasible; न सुलभा सकलेन्दुमुखी च सा V.2.9; इदमसुलभवस्तुप्रार्थनादुर्नि- वारम् 2.6.-2 ready for, adapted to, fit, suitable; निष्ठ्यूतश्चरणोपभोगसुलभो लाक्षारसः केनचित् Ś.4.4.-3 natural to, proper for; मानुषतासुलभो लघिमा K. ˚कोप a. easily provoked, irascible.-लिखित a. well registered.-लुलित a.1 moving playfully.-2 greatly hurt, injured.-लोचन a. fine-eyed. (-नः) a deer.(-ना) 1 a beauti- ful woman.-2 N. of the wife of Indrajit.-लोहकम् brass.-लोहित a. very red. (-ता) one of the seven tongues of fire.-वक्त्रम् 1 a good face or mouth.-2 correct utterance. (-क्त्रः) N. of Śiva.-वचनम्, -वचस् n. eloquence. -a. eloquent.-वयस् f. a hermaphrodite.-वर्चकः, -वर्चिकः, -का, -वर्चिन् m. natron, alkali.-वर्चला 1 N. of the wife of the sun; तं चाहमनुवर्तिष्ये यथा सूर्यं सुवर्चला Rām.2.3.3.-2 linseed.-वर्चसः N. of Śiva.-वर्चस्क a. splendid, brilliant.-वर्ण see s. v.-वर्तित 1 well rounded.-2 well arranged.-वर्तुलः a water-melon.-वसन्तः 1 an agreeable vernal season.-2 the day of full moon in the month of Chaitra, or a festival celebrated in honour of Kāmadeva in that month (also सुवसन्तकः in this sense).-वह a.1 bearing well, patient.-2 patient, enduring.-3 easy to be borne-(-हा) 1 a lute.-2 N. of several plants like रास्ना, निर्गुण्डी &c.; Mātaṅga L.1.1.-वासः 1 N. of Śiva.-2 a pleasant dwelling.-3 an agreeable perfume or odo- ur.-वासकः a water-melon.-वासरा cress.-वासिनी 1 a woman married or single who resides in her father's house.-2 a married woman whose husband is alive.-विक्रान्त a. very valiant or bold, chivalrous; सुविक्रान्तस्य नृपतेः सर्वमेव महीतलम् Śiva. B.16.45. (-न्तः) a hero. (-न्तम्) heroism.-विग्रह a. having a beautiful figure.-विचक्षण a. very clever, wise.-विद् m. a learned man, shrewd person. (-f.) a shrewd or clever woman.-विदः 1 an attendant on the women's apartments.-2 a king.-विदग्ध a. very cunning, astute.-विदत् m. a king-विदत्रम् 1 a household, family.-2 wealth.-3 grace, favour.-विदल्लः an attendant on the women's apart- ments (wrongly for सौविदल्ल q. v.). (-ल्लम्) the wo- men's apartments, harem.-विदल्ला a married woman.-विध a. of a good kind.-विधम् ind. easily.-विधिः a good rule, ordinance.-विनीत a.1 well trained, modest.-2 well executed. (-ता) a tractable cow.-विनेय a. easy to be trained or educated.-विभक्त a. well pro- portioned, symmetrical.-विरूढ a.1 fully grown up or developed.-2 well ridden.-विविक्त a.1 solitary (as a wood).-2 well decided (as a question).-विहित a.1 well-placed, well-deposited.-2 well-furnished, well- supplied, well-provided, well-arranged; सुविहितप्रयोगतया आर्यस्य न किमपि परिहास्यते Ś.1; कलहंसमकरन्दप्रेवशावसरे तत् सुविहितम् Māl.1.-3 well done or performed.-4 well satisfied (by hospitality); अन्नपानैः सुविहितास्तस्मिन् यज्ञे महात्मनः Rām.1.14.16.-वी(बी)ज a. having good seed.(-जः) 1 N. of Śiva.-2 the poppy. (-जम्) good seed.-वीरकम् 1 a kind of collyrium.-2 sour gruel (काञ्जिक); सुवीरकं याच्यमाना मद्रिका कर्षति स्फिचौ Mb.8.4.38.-वीराम्लम् sour rice-gruel.-वीर्य a.1 having great vigour.-2 of heroic strength, heroic, chivalrous.(-र्यम्) 1 great heroism-2 abundance of heroes.-3 the fruit of the jujube. (-र्या) wild cotton.-वृक्तिः f.1 a pure offering.-2 a hymn of praise.-वृत्त a.1 well-behaved, virtuous, good; मयि तस्य सुवृत्त वर्तते लघुसंदेशपदा सरस्वती R. 8.77.-2 well-rounded, beautifully globular or round; मृदुनातिसुवृत्तेन सुमृष्टेनातिहारिणा । मोदकेनापि किं तेन निष्पत्तिर्यस्य सेवया ॥ or सुमुखो$पि सुवृत्तो$पि सन्मार्गपतितो$पि च । महतां पादलग्नो$पि व्यथयत्येव कष्टकः ॥ (where all the adjectives are used in a double sense). (-त्तम्) a good or virtuous conduct; भर्तुश्चिन्तानुवर्तित्वं सुवृत्तं चानुजीविनाम् Pt.1.69. (-त्ता) a sort of grape.-वेल a.1 tranquil, still.-2 humble, quiet. (-लः) N. of the Trikūṭa mountain.-व्रत a. strict in the observance of religious vows, strictly virtuous or religious. (-तः) a religious student.(-ता) 1 a virtuous wife.-2 a tractable cow, one easily milked.-शंस a. well spoken of, famous, glorious, commendable.-शक a. capable of being easily done.-शर्मन् (m., f.) a person desiring intercourse (Uṇ.4. 165].-शल्यः the Khadira tree.-शाकम् undried ginger.-शारदः N. of Śiva.-शासित a. kept under control, well-controlled.-शिक्षित a. well-taught, trained, well- disciplined.-शिखः fire.(-खा) 1 a peacock's crest.-2 a cock's comb.-शीतम् yellow sandal-wood.-शीम a. cold, frigid. (-मः) coldness-शील a. good-tempered, amiable.(-ला) 1 N. of the wife of Yama.-2 N. of one of the eight favourite wives of Kriṣṇa.-शेव a. full of happiness; pleasant to be resorted; एष पन्था उरुगायः मुशेवः Ait. Br.7.13.11.-शोण a. dark-red.-श्रीका the gum olibanum tree.-श्रुत a.1 well heard.-2 versed in the Vedas.-3 gladly heard (also an ex- clamation at a श्राद्ध); पित्रे स्वदितमित्येव वाच्यं गोष्ठे तु सुश्रुतम् Ms.3.254. (-तः) N. of the author of a system of medicine, whose work, together with that of Charaka, is regardad as the oldest medical authority, and held in great esteem in India even to this day.-श्लिष्ट a.1 well-arranged or united.-2 well-fitted; Māl.1.-श्लेषः close union or embrace.-श्लोक्य a. very famous; तेजीयसामपि ह्येतन्न सुश्लोक्यं जगद्गुरो Bhāg.3.12.31.-संवीत a.1 well-girt; स ददर्श ततः श्रीमान् सुग्रीवं हेमपिङ्गलम् । सुसंवीतम्... Rām.4.16.15.-2 well dressed.-संवृतिः good concealment. a. well-concealed; परितप्तो$प्यपरः सुसंवृतिः Śi.16.23.-संस्कृत a.1 well cooked or prepared.-2 kept in good order; सुसंस्कृतोपस्करया व्यये चामुक्तहस्तया Ms.5.15.-संगृहीत a.1 well controlled or governed; सुसंगृहीतराष्ट्रो हि पार्थिवः सुखमेधते Ms.7.113.-2 well received.-3 well kept.-4 well abridged.-संध a. true to a promise.-संनत a. well-directed (as an arrow).-सत्या N. of the wife of Janaka.-सदृश् a. agreeable to look at.-समाहित a.1 well arranged, beautifully adorned; very beautiful; ऋतुकालं प्रतीक्षन्ते नार्थिनः सुसमाहिते । संगमं त्वहमिच्छामि त्वया सह सुमध्यमे ॥ Rām.1.48.18.-2 completely loaded; तद्यथानः सुसमा- हितमुत्सर्जद्यायात् Bṛi. Up.4.3.35.-3 Very intent, attentive.-समीहित a. much desired.- सरण N. of Śiva.-सह a.1 easy to be borne.-2 bearing or enduring well. (-हः) an epithet of Śiva.-सहाय a. having a good companion; प्रणेतुं शक्यते दण्डः सुसहायेन धीमता Ms.7.31.-साधित a. well trained or educated.-सार a. having good sap or essence.(-रः) 1 good sap, essence, or substance.-2 competence.-3 the red-flowering Kha- dira tree.-सारवत् n. crystal.-सिकता 1 good sand.-2 gravel.-3 sugar.-सुरप्रिया jasmine.-सेव्य a. to be well or easily followed (as a road).-सौभगम् con- jugal felicity.-स्थ a.1 well-suited, being in a good sense.-2 in health, healthy, faring well.-3 in good or prosperous circumstances, prosperous.-4 happy, fortunate. (-स्थम्) a happy state, well-being; प्रह्लाद सुस्थरूपोसि पश्यन् व्यसनमात्मनः Mb.12.222.12; सुस्थे को वा न पण्डितः H.3.114.-स्थित a. in the same sense as सुस्थ. (-तम्) a house with a gallery on all sides.-स्थितिः (also सुस्थता) f.1 good condition, well-being, welfare, happiness.-2 health, convalescence.-स्थिर a.1 stable.-2 resolute, cool.-स्नातः 1 one who bathes at the end of a sacrifice; L. D. B.-2 well purified by bathing.-स्मित a. pleasantly smiling. (-ता) a woman with a pleased or smiling countenance.-स्वपनः an epithet of Śiva.-स्वर a.1 melodious, harmonious.-2 loud. ˚यन्त्रकम् a kind of musical instrument; युता सुस्वरयन्त्रकैः Śukra.1.247.-हित a.1 very fit or suitable, appro- priate.-2 beneficial, salutary.-3 friendly, affection- ate.-4 satisfied; सहस्रनेत्रः सुहितत्वमाप न Rām. ch.2.64. (-ता) one of the seven tongues of fire.-हृद् a. having a kind heart, cordial, friendly, loving, affectionate; सुहृदः सुहृदो$न्यांश्च दुर्हृदश्चापि दुर्हृदः । सम्यक्प्रवृत्तान् पुरुषान्नसम्यगनुपश्यतः ॥ Mb.3.28.36. (-m.)1 a friend; सुहृदः पश्य वसन्त किं स्थितम् Ku.4.27; मन्दायन्ते न खलु सुहृदामभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः Me.4.-2 an ally. ˚भेदः1 the separation of friends.-2 N. of the 2nd book of the हितोपदेश; मित्रलाभः सुहृद्भेदो विग्रहः संधिरेव च । पञ्चतन्त्रात्तथान्यस्माद् ग्रन्थादाकृष्य लिख्यते ॥ H. Pr.9. ˚वाक्यम् the counsel of a friend.-हृदः a friend.-हृदय a.1 good-hearted.-2 dear, affectionate, loving. -
14 काल _kāla
काल a. (-ली f.)1 Black, of a dark or dark-blue colour; Rām.5.17.9. Mb.8.49.48.-2 Injuring, hurting.-लः 1 The black or dark-blue colour.-2 Time (in general); विलम्बितफलैः कालं निनाय स मनोरथैः R.1.33; तस्मिन्काले at that time; काव्यशास्त्रविनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम् H.1.1 the wise pass their time &c.-3 Fit or opportune time (to do a thing), proper time or occasion; (with gen., loc., dat., or inf.); R.3.12,4.6,12.69; पर्जन्यः कालवर्षी Mk.1.6; काले वर्षतु पर्जन्यः &c.-4 A period or portion of time (as the hours or watches of a day); षष्ठे काले दिवसस्य V.2.1. Ms.5.153.-5 The weather.-6 Time considered as one of the nine dravyas by the Vaiśeṣikas.-7 The Supreme Spirit regarded as the destroyer of the Universe, being a personification of the destructive principle; कालः काल्या भुवनफलके क्रीडति प्राणिशारैः Bh.3.39.-8 (a) Yama, the god of death; कः कालस्य न गोचरान्तरगतः Pt.1.146. (b) Death, time of death; स हि कालो$स्य दुर्मतेः Rām.7.64.1.-9 Fate, destiny.-1 The black part of the eye.-11 The (Indian) cuckoo.-12 The planet Saturn.-13 N. of Śiva; N. of Rudra; उग्ररेता भवः कालो वामदेवो धृतव्रतः Bhāg.3.12.12.-14 A measure of time (in music or prosody).-15 A person who distils and sells spirituous liquor.-16 A section, or part.-17 A red kind of plumbago.-18 Resin, pitch.-19 N. of an enemy of Śiva.-2 (with the Jainas) One of the nine treasures.-21 A mystical name for the letter म्.-22 N. of the one of four contentments mentioned in साङ्ख्यकारिका; प्रकृत्युपादानकालभागाख्याः Śāṅ. K.5.-ला 1 N. of several plants.-2 N. of a daughter of Dakṣa.-3 An epithet of Durgā.-ली 1 Blackness.-2 Ink, black ink.-3 An epithet of Pārvatī, Śiva's wife.-4 A row of black clouds.-5 A woman with a dark complexion.-6 N. of Satyavatī, mother of Vyāsa. जनयामास यं काली शक्तेः पुत्रात्पराशरात् Mb.1.6.2; Bu. ch.4.76.-7 Night.-8 Censure, blame.-9 One of the seven tongues of Fire: काली कराली च मनोजवा च सुलोहिता या च सुधूम्रवर्णा । स्फुलिङ्गिनी विश्वरुची च देवी लेलायमाना इति सप्तजिह्वाः ॥ Muṇḍ.1.2.4.-1 A form of Durgā कालि कालि महा- कालि सीधुमांसपशुंप्रिये Mb.4.6.17. कालीतनयः a buffalo.-11 One of the Mātṛis or divine mothers.-12 N. of a wife of Bhīma.-13 A sister of Yama.-14 A kind of learning (महाविद्या)-15 A small shrub used as a purgative.-16 A kind of insect.-लम् 1 Iron. क्षुरो भूत्वा हरेत्प्राणान्निशितः कालसाधनः Mb.1.14.89.-2 A kind of perfume.-Comp. -अयसम् iron.-अक्षरिकः a scholar, one who can read and decipher.-अगरु n. a kind of sandal tree, black kind of aloe; कालागुरुर्दहनमध्यगतः सम- न्ताल्लोकोत्तरं परिमलं प्रकटीकरोति Bv.1.7, R.4.81. (-n.) the wood of that tree. शिरांसि कालागुरुधूपितानि Ṛs.4.5;5.5.-अग्निः, -अनलः 1 the destructive fire at the end of the world.-2 an epithet of Rudra.-3. a kind of bead (रुद्राक्ष).-अङ्ग a. having a dark-blue body (as a sword with a dark-blue edge) Mb.4.8.1.;-अजिनम् the hide of a black antelope.-अञ्जनम् a sort of colly- rium; न चक्षुषोः कान्तिविशेषबुद्ध्या कालाञ्जनं मङ्गलमित्युपात्तम् Ku.7.2,82. (-नी) a small shrub used as a purga- tive (Mar. काळी कापशी).-अण्डजः the (Indian) cuckoo.-अतिक्रमः, -क्रमणम् delay, being late; कालातिक्रमणं वृत्तेर्यो न कुर्वति भूपतिः Pt.1.154.-अतिपातः, -अतिरेकः loss of time, delay; Māl.2.-अतीत a. elapsed, passed by.-अत्ययः 1 delay, lapse of time.-2 loss by lapse of time.-अध्यक्षः 1 'presiding over time', epithet of the sun.-2 the Supreme Soul.-अनुनादिन् m.1 a bee.-2 a sparrow.-3 the Chātaka bird.-अनुसारकः 1 Tagara tree.-2 yellow sandal.-अनुसारिः, -अनु- सारिन्, -अनुसारिवा, -अनुसार्यः, -र्यकः benzoin or benja- min.(-र्यम्) 1 a yellow fragrant wood (पीतचन्दन).-2 Sissoo wood.-अन्तकः time, regarded as the god of death, and the destroyer of every thing.-अन्तरम् 1 an interval.-2 a period of time.-3 another time or opportunity. ˚आवृत a. hidden or concealed in the womb of time. ˚क्षम a. able to bear delay; अकालक्षमा देव्याः शरीरावस्था K.263; Ś.4. ˚प्रेक्षिन् Pt.3.172. ˚विषः an animal venomous only when enraged, as a rat.-अभ्रः a dark, watery cloud.-अयनम् See कालचक्र Bhāg.5.22.11.-अवधिः appointed time.-अवबोधः knowledge of time and circumstances; Māl.3.11.-अशुद्धिः f.-अशौचम् period of mourning, ceremonial impurity caused by the birth of a child or death of a relation in the family; see अशौच.-अष्टकम् 1 first to eighth days of the dark half of the month आषाढ (festival period of कालभैरव)-2 a stotra of कालभैरव by Śhaṅkarāchārya.-आकृष्ट a.1 led to death.-2 produced or brought by time.-आत्मक a. depending on time or desti- ny.-आत्मन् m. the Supreme Spirit.-आदिकः The month चैत्र.-आम्रः 1 a mango-kind; कालाम्ररसपीतास्ते नित्यं संस्थित- यौवनाः Mb.6.7.18.-2 N. of a Dvīpa; Hariv.-आयसम् iron. -a. made of iron; ततः कालायसं शूलं कण्टकैर्बहुभिश्च तम् Rām.7.8.15.-उप्त a. sown in due season.-कञ्जम् a blue lotus.-कटम्, -कटः an epithet of Śiva; Mb.13.-कण्ठः 1 a peacock.-2 a sparrow.-3 a wagtail.-4 a gal- linule.-5 an epithet of Śiva; कालिन्दीकालकण्ठः कलयतु कुशलं को$पि कापालिको नः Udb.; U.6.-कण्ठी Pārvatī, the wife of कालकण्ठ i. e. शिव. नृत्यन्तीमिव रजनी नटीं प्रतीमो गानश्री- र्विलसति नाथ कालकण्ठी Rām Ch.7.23.-कण्टक, -कण्ठकः a gallinule.-कण़्डकः a water-snake.-करणम् appointing or fixing time.-कर्णिका, -कर्णी misfortune.-कर्मन् n.1 death.-2 destruction; त्रैलोक्यं तु करिष्यामि संयुक्तं काल- कर्मणा Rām.3.64.62.-कलायः dark pulse.-कल्प a fatal, deadly.-कल्लकः A water-snake.-कालः Supreme Being.-कीलः noise.-कुण्ठः Yama.-कुष्ठः a myrrh.-कूटः, -टम् (a) a deadly poison; अहो बकी यं स्तनकाल- कूटं अपाययत् Bhāg.3.2.23; Ś.6. (b) the poison churned out of the ocean and drunk by Śiva; अद्यापि नोज्झति हरः किल कालकूटम् Ch. P.5. कालकूटस्य जननीं तां स्तुवे वामलोचनाम् Vb.-कूटकः a poison; Mb.1.-कृत् m.1 the sun.-2 a peacock.-3 Supreme Spirit.-कृत 1 produced by time.-2 fixed, appointed.-3 lent or deposited,-4 done for a long time. (-तः) the sun.-क्रमः lapse of time, course of time; कालक्रमेण in course or process of time; Ku.1.19.-क्रिया 1 fixing a time.-2 death.-क्षेपः 1 delay, loss of time; कालक्षेप ककुभसुरभौ पर्वते पर्वते ते (उत्पश्यामि) Me.22; मरणे कालक्षेपं मा कुरु Pt.1.-2 passing the time.-खञ्जम्, -खञ्जनम् -खण्डम् the liver; स्वादुकारं कालखण्डोपदंशम् Śi.18.77.-गङ्गा the river Yamu- nā.-ग्रन्थिः a year.-घातिन् a. killing by degrees or slowly (as a poison).-चक्रम् 1 the wheel of time (time being represented as a wheel always moving).-2 a cycle.-3 (hence fig.) the wheel of fortune, the vicissitudes of life. (-क्रः) an epithet of the sun.-चिह्नम् a symptom of approaching death.-चोदित a. summoned by the angel of death.-जोषकः One who is satisfied with sparse food at the proper time.-ज्येष्ठः a. senior in years, grown up; U.5.12.-ज्ञ a. knowing the proper time or occasion (of any action); अत्यारूढो हि नारीणामकालज्ञो मनोभवः R.12.33; Śi.2.83.(-ज्ञः) 1 an astrologer.-2 a cock.-ज्ञानिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.-तिन्दुकः a kind of ebony.-त्रयम् the three times; the past, the present, and the future; ˚दर्शी K.46.-दण्डः death; श्रेयस्त्रैविक्रमस्ते वितरतु विबुधद्वेषिणां कालदण्डः Dk.-दमनी an epithet of Durgā.-दष्ट a. doomed to death; कालदष्टं नृपं ज्ञात्वा Bm.1.18.-धर्मः, -धर्मन् m.1 the line of conduct suitable to any parti- cular time.-2 the law or rule of time.-3 effects proper to the time.-4 fated time, death; कालधर्मं गते सगरे Rām.1.42.1. न पुनर्जीवितः कश्चित्कालधर्ममुपागतः Mb.; परीताः काल- धर्मणा &c.-धारणा prolongation of time.-नरः (in astro- logy) the figure of a man's body.-नाथः; -निधिः Śiva.-नियोगः decree of fate or destiny; लङ्घ्यते न खलु काल- नियोगः Ki.9.13.-निरूपणम् determination of time, chronology.-निर्यासः Bdellium (Mar. गुग्गुळ).-नेमिः 1 the rim of the wheel of time.-2 N. of a demon, uncle of Rāvaṇa, deputed by him to kill Hanūmat.-3 N. of a demon with 1 hands killed by Viṣṇu. ˚अरिः, रिपुः, हरः, हन् m. epithets of Kṛiṣṇa.-पक्व a. ripened by time; i. e. spontaneously; Ms.6.17,21; Y.3.49.-परिवासः standing for a time so as to become stale.-पर्णः the flower plant (Mar. नगर).-पर्ययः a delay (कालातिक्रम); वक्तुमर्हसि सुग्रीवं व्यतीतं कालपर्यये Rām.4.31.8.-पर्यायः the revolution or course of time; मन्ये लोकविनाशो$यं कालपर्यायनोदितः Mb.11.15.41.-पाशः the noose of Yama or death.-पाशिकः a hang- man.-पु (पू) रुषः an attendant of Yama.-पृष्ठम् 1 a species of antelope.-2 a heron.(-कम्) 1 N. of the bow of Karṇa; Ve.4.-2 a bow in general.-प्रभातम् autumn or Śarad; (the two months following the rainy season considered as the best time).-बन्धन a. being under control of death (काल); प्रत्यक्षं मन्यसे कालं मर्त्यः सन् कालबन्धनः Mb.3.35.2.-भक्षः an epithet of Śiva.-भृत् m. the sun.-भैरवः an epithet of Śiva.-मल्लिका, -मान (लः) the plant ocimum (Mar. तुळस).-मालम् a measure of time.-मुखः a species of ape; Mb.3.292.12.-मेषी, -मेशिका, -मेषिका f. the Manjiṣṭha plant.-यवनः a kind of yavanas and enemy of Kṛiṣṇa and an invincible foe of the Yādavas. Kṛiṣṇa, finding it impossible to vanquish him on the field of battle, cunningly decoyed him to the cave where Muchakunda was sleeping who burnt him down.-यापः, -यापनम् procrastination, delay, putting off.-योगः fate, destiny.-योगतः according to the requirements of the time; Pt.1.184.-योगिन् m. an epithet of Śiva.-रात्रिः, -रात्री f.1 a dark night.-2 a sister of Yama.-3 the Amāvasyā on which lamps are lighted (in the Divali holidays).-4 the night of destruction at the end of the world (iden- tified with Durgā); कालरात्रीति तां (सीतां) विद्धि सर्वलङ्का- विनाशिनीम् Rām.5.51.34.-5 a particular night in the life of man, on the 7th day of the 7th month of the 77th year.-रुद्रः Rudra regarded as the fire that is to destroy the world.-लवणम् the बिड salt. (Mar. संचळखार)-लोहक्, -लौहम् steel.-वलनम् the armour.-विप्रकर्षः prolongation of time. विषयबाहुल्यं कालविप्रकर्षश्च स्मृतिं प्रमुष्णाति Mv.5.9.-विभक्तिः f. a section or part of time; Ms.1.24.-वृद्धिः f. periodical interest (payable monthly, quarterly, or at stated times); Ms.8.153.-वृन्तः a kind of pulse (कुलत्थ).-वेला the time of Saturn, i. e. a particular time of the day (half a watch every day) at which any religious act is improper.-संकर्षा a girl nine years old personating Durgā at a festival.-संकर्षिन् a. shortening time (as a mantra); कालसंकर्षिणीं विद्यां दीक्षापूर्वमुपादिशत् Ks.68.65.-संगः a. delay; जानामि कार्यस्य च कालसंगम् Rām.4.33.53.-संरोधः 1 keeping back for a long time; Ms.8.143.-2 lapse of a long period of time; Ms.8.143.-सदृश a. opportune, timely.-समन्वित, -समायुक्त a. dead; Rām.2.65.16.-संपन्न a. dated, bearing a date.-सर्पः the black and most poisonous variety of the snake; Gīt.1.12.-सारः the black antelope. (-रम्) a yellow sort of sandal wood. a. having a black centre or pupil; न कालसारं हरिणं तदक्षिद्वयं प्रभुर्बुद्धुमभून्मनोभूः N.6.19.-सूत्रम्, -सूत्रकम् 1 thread of time or death.-2 N. of a particular hell; Y.3.222; Ms.4.88.-स्कन्दः the Tamāla tree.-स्वरूप a. terrible as death, (deathlike in form).-हरः an epithet of Śiva.-हरणम् loss of time, delay; Ś.3; U.5; यात्वन्येन (वरेण) विहाय कालहरणं रामो वनं दण्डकाम् Mv.4.41.-हानिः f. delay; मामक्षमं मण्डनकालहानेर्वेत्तीव बिम्बाधरबद्धतृष्णम् R.13.16. -
15 आदि _ādi
आदि a.1 First, primary, primitive; निदानं त्वादिकारणम् Ak.-2 Chief, first, principal, pre-eminent; oft. at the end of comp. in this sense; see below.-3 First in time existing before.-दीः 1 Beginning, commencement (opp. अन्त); अप एव ससर्जादौ तासु बीजमवासृजत् Ms.1.8; Bg.3.41; अनादि &c.; जगदादिरनादिस्त्वम् Ku.2.9; oft. at the end of comp. and translated by 'beginning with', 'et cætera', 'and others', 'and so on' (of the same nature or kind), 'such like'; इन्द्रादयो देवाः the gods Indra and others (इन्द्रः आदिर्येषां ते); एवमादि this and the like; भ्वादयो धातवः भू and others, or words beginning with भू, are called roots; oft. used by Pāṇini to denote classes or groups of grammatical words; अदादि, दिवादि, स्वादि &c.-2 First part of portion.-3 A firstling, first-fruits.-4 Prime cause.-5 Nearness.-6 One of the seven parts of Sāma; अथ सप्तविधस्य वाचि सप्तविधं सामोपासीत यत्किंच वाचो हुमिति स हिंकारो यत्प्रेति स प्रस्तावो यदेति स आदिः Ch. Up.2.8.1.-Comp. -अन्त a.1 having beginning and end.-2 first and last. (-तम्) beginning and end. -˚यमकम् N. of a figure in poetry. cf. Bk.1.21. ˚वत् having beginning and end, finite. ˚अन्तर्वर्तिन् a. having a beginning, end and middle; being all-in-all.-उदात्त a. having the acute accent on the first syllable.-उपान्तम् ind. from first to last.-करः, -कर्तृ, -कृत् m. the creator, an epithet of Brahmā or Viṣnu; गरीयसे ब्रह्मणो$प्यादिकर्त्रे Bg.11.37; विशेषणे द्वे य इहादिकर्तुर्वदेदधीती स हि कैयटीयः Śab. Kau.-कर्मन् n. the beginning of an action.-कविः 'the first poet', an epi- thet of Brahmā and of Vālmīki; the former is so called because he first produced and promulgated the Vedas; (तेने ब्रह्म हृदा य आदिकवये मुह्यन्ति यत्सूरयः Bhāg.1.1.1.) and the latter, because he was the first to show to others 'the path of poets'; when he beheld one of a pair of Krauñcha birds being killed by a fowler, he cursed the wretch, and his grief unconsciously took the form of a verse (श्लोकत्वमापद्यत यस्य शोकः); he was sub- sequently told by Brahmā to compose the life of Rāma, and he thus gave to the world the first poem in Sanskrit, the Rāmāyaṇa; cf. U.2. Viṣkambhaka.-काण्डम् the first book of the Rāmāyaṇa.-कारणम् the first or primary cause (of the universe), which, according to the Vedāntins, is Brahman; while, according to the Naiyāyikas and particalarly the Vaiśeṣikas, atoms are the first or material cause of the universe, and not God.-2 analysis.-3 algebra.-काव्यम् the first poem; i. e. the Rāmāyaṇa; see आदिकवि.-केशवः N. of Viṣṇu.-जिनः N. of Ṛiṣabha, the first तीर्थंकर.-तालः a sort of musical time or ताल; एक एव लघुर्यत्र आदितालः स कथ्यते.-दीपकम् N. of a figure in rhetoric (the verb standing at the beginning of the sentence). cf. Bk.1.23.-देवः 1 the first or Supreme God; पुरुषं शाश्वतं दिव्यं आदिदेव- मजं विभुम् Bg.1.12,11.38.-2 Nārāyaṇa or Viṣṇu.-3 Śiva.-4 Brahmā; Mb.12.188.2.-5 the sun.-दैत्यः an epithet of Hiraṇyakaśipu.-नाथः N. of Ādibuddha.-पर्वन् n. 'the first section or chapter', N. of the first book of the Mahābhārata.-पुराणम् the first Purāṇa, N. of the Brahma-Purāṇa. N. of a Jaina religious book.-पु (पू) रुषः 1 the first or primeval being, the lord of the creation.-2 Viṣṇu, Kṛiṣṇa, or Nārāyaṇa; ते च प्रापुरुदन्वन्तं बुबुधे चादिपूरुषः R.1.6; तमर्घ्यमर्घ्यादिकयादिपूरुषः Śi.1.14.-बलम् genera- tive power; first vigour.-बुद्ध a. perceived in the beginning. (-द्धः) the primitive Buddha.-भव, -भूत a. produced at first.(-वः, -तः) 1 'the first-born', primeval being, an epithet of Brahmā; इत्युक्त्वादिभवो देवः Bhāg.7.3.22.-2 also N. of Viṣṇu; रसातलादादि. भवेन पुंसा R.13.8.-3 an elder brother. (-तम्) minute five elements (पञ्चमहाभूतानि); नष्टे लोके द्विपरार्धावसाने महा- भूतेष्वादिभूतं गतेषु Bhāg.1.3.25.-मूलम् first founda- tion, primeval cause.-योगाचार्यः 'the first teacher of devotion', an epithet of Śiva.-रसः the first of he 8 Rasas, i. e. शृङ्गार or love.-राजः the first king पृथु; an epithet of Manu.-रूपम् Symptom (of disease).-वंशः primeval race, primitive family.-वराहः 'the first boar', an epithet of Visṇu, alluding to his third or boar-incarnation.-विद्वस् m. the first learned man; कपिल.-विपुला f. N. of an Āryā metre.-वृक्षः N. of a plant (Mar. आपटा).-शक्तिः f.1 the power of माया or illusion.-2 an epithet of Durgā.-शरीरम् 1. the primitive body.-2 ignorance.-3 the subtle body.-सर्गः the first creation. -
16 लॄ _lॄ
लॄ f. A mother, a divine female. -m. Śiva. -f. =लृ. cf. लॄर्महात्मा सुरो बालो भूपः स्तोमः कथानकः (वक्ता) । मूर्खो शिश्नो गुदः कक्षा केशः पापरतो नरः ॥ Enm. एकान्वयो मम Ś.7; मनस्येकं वचस्येकं कर्मण्येकं महात्मनाम् H.1.197.-4 Firm, unchanged; एको ग्रहस्तु Pt.1.26.-5 Single of its kind, unique, singular.-6 Chief, supreme, prominent, sole; ब्राह्मण्यास्तद्धरेत्पुत्र एकांशं वै पितुर्धनात् Mb.13.47.11. ˚पार्थिव, ˚धनुर्धरः, ˚ऐश्वर्य M.1.1 sole sovereignty; एको रागिषु राजते Bh.3.121.-7 Peerless, matchless.-8 One of two or many; Me.3. एकः सख्यास्तव सह मया वामपादाभिलाषी Me.8.-9 Oft. used like the English indefinite article 'a', or 'an'; ज्योतिरेकम् Ś.5.3.-1 True.-11 Little. Oft. used in the middle of comp. in the sense of 'only', with an adjectival or adverbial force; दोषैकदृक् looking only to faults; त्वदेकेषु Ku.3.15 your arrow only; so भोगैकबद्धस्पृहः. एकः-अन्यः, or अपरः the one- the other; अजामेकां लोहित... नमामः । अजो ह्येको... अजोन्यः Śvet. Up.4.5; it is used in the plural in the sense of some, its correlative being अन्ये or अपरे (others); एके समूहुर्बलरेणुसंहतिं शिरोभिराज्ञामपरे महीभृतः ॥ Śi.12.45; see अन्य, अपर also.-कः N. of Viṣṇu. the ऴSupreme Being or Prajāpati; एक इति च प्रजापतेरभिधानमिति । ŚB. on MS. 1.3.13.(-कम्) 1 The mind; एकं विनिन्ये स जुगोप सप्त सप्तैव तत्याज ररक्ष पञ्च Bu. Ch.2.41.-2 unity, a unit; Hch.-का N. of Durgā. [cf. Persian yak; L. aequus].-Comp. -अंशः a separate part, part in general. विष्टभ्याह- मिदं कृत्स्नमेकांशेन स्थितो जगत् Bg.1.42. एकांशश्च प्रधानतः Ms. 9.15.-अक्ष a.1 having only one axle. द्विचक्रमेकाक्षम् (रथम्) Bhāg.4.26.1.-2 having one eye.-3 having an excellent eye.(-क्षः) 1 a crow.-2 N. of Śiva.-अक्षर a. monosyllabic. ओमित्येकाक्षरं ब्रह्म Bg.8.13.(-रम्) 1 a monosyllable.-2 the sacred syllable; ओम्; एकाक्षरं परं ब्रह्म Ms.2.83.-3 The sole imperishable thing; एका- क्षरमभिसंभूय Av.5.28.8.-4 N. of an Upaniṣad. ˚कोशः a vocabulary of monosyllabic words by Puruṣottama- deva. ˚रीभावः the production of only one syllable, con- traction.-अग्नि a. Keeping only one fire; Āpastamba Dharma Sūtra 2.21.21. (-कः) One and the same fire.-अग्र a.1 fixed on one object or point only.-2 closely attentive, concentrated, intent; तद्गीतश्रवणैकाग्रा R.15.66; K.49; कच्चिदेतच्छ्रुतं पार्थ त्वयैकाग्रेण चेतसा Bg.18.72; मनुमे- काग्रमासीनम् Ms.1.1.-3 unperplexed.-4 known, cele- brated.-5 single-pointed. (-ग्रः) (in Math.) the whole of the long side of a figure which is subdivided. ˚चित्त, ˚मनस् a. with a concentrated mind, with un- divided attention. ˚चित्तम्, ˚चित्तता intentness of purpose, concentration of mind; तत्रैकाग्रं मनःकृत्वा Bg.6.12;18.72. °reeदृष्टि a. fixing one's eye on one spot.-अग्ऱ्य = ˚अग्र. (-ग्ऱ्यम्) concentration.-अङ्गः 1 a body-guard.-2 the planet Mercury or Mars.-3 N. of Viṣṇu. ˚वधः Mutilation of a limb; Kau. A.4.-4 Having a unique or beautiful shape.(-अङ्गम्) 1 a single member or part.-2 sandal wood.-3 the head. (-ङ्गौ) a married couple. (-ङ्गी) Incomplete; ˚रूपक incomplete, simile.-अञ्जलिः A handful.-अङ्गिका preparation made with sandal-wood.-अण्डः a kind of horse.-अधिपतिः a sole monarch or sovereign.-अनंशा the only (day) receiving no part of the moon, an epithet of Kuhū or day of new moon (born together with Kṛiṣṇa and worshipped with Kṛiṣ&na and Bala- deva and identified with Durgā).-अनुदिष्ट a.1 left as a funeral feast or one who has recently partaken in it. (-ष्टम्) a funeral ceremony performed for only one ancestor (recently dead); see एकोद्दिष्ट; यावदेकानुदिष्टस्य गन्धो लेपश्च तिष्ठति Ms.4.111.-अन्त a.1 solitary, retired.-2 aside, apart.-3 directed towards one point or object only.-4 excessive, great; ˚शैत्यात्- कदलीविशेषाः Ku.1.36.-5 worshipping only one; devoted to only one (एकनिष्ठ); एकान्तजनप्रियः Bhāg.8.24.31.-6 absolute, invariable, perpetual; स्वायत्तमेकान्तगुणम् Bh.2.7; कस्यैकान्तं सुखमुपगतम् Me.111.(-तः) 1 a lonely or retired place, solitude; तासामेकान्तविन्यस्ते शयानां शयने द्युमे Rām.5.1.5. व्योम˚ विहारिणः Pt.2.2; H.1.49.-2 exclusiveness.-3 an invariable rule or course of conduct or action; तस्मादेकान्तमासाद्य Pt.3.7.-4 exclusive aim or boundary. (-तम्) an exclusive recourse, a settled rule or principle; तेजः क्षमा वा नैकान्तं काल- ज्ञस्य महीपतेः Śi.2.83. (-तम्, -तेन, -ततः, -ते) ind.1 solely, exclusively, invariably, always, absolutely, युद्धे नैकान्तेन भवेज्जयः Mb.5.64.27.-2 exceeding, quite, wholly, very much; वयमप्येकान्ततो निःस्पृहाः Bh.3.24; दुःखमेकान्ततो वा Me.111; oft. in comp.; ˚विध्वंसिन् sure or destined to perish; R.2.57; ˚भीरु Mu. 3.5 always timid; so एकान्तकरुण very weak &c.-3 alone, apart, privately. ˚भूत being alone or solitary; विलोक्यैकान्तभूतानि भूतान्यादौ प्रजापतिः Bhāg.6.18.3. ˚मति a. devoted to one object only. ˚विहारिन् a. a solitary wanderer. ˚सुषमा 'containing exclusively good years', a division of time with Jainas. ˚स्थित a. staying or remaining apart.-अन्तर a. next but one, separated by one remove; द्वन्द्वं दक्षमरीचिसंभवमिदं तत्स्रष्टुरेकान्तरम् Ś.7.27; V.1. (-रः) a kind of fever.-अन्तिक a. final, conclusive.-अन्तित्वम् devotion to one object.-अन्तिन् a. devoted to one object only; अहो अत्यद्भुतं ह्येतद् दुर्लभैकान्ति- नामपि Bhāg.7.1.15. -m. a worshipper of Viṣṇu.-अन्नम् one and the same food.(-न्नः), -˚आदिन् 1 a mess-mate.-2 One who lives on the alms from only one house; नैकान्नादी भवेद् व्रती Ms.2.188.-अपचयः, अपायः Diminution by one.-अब्दा a heifer one year old.- अयन a.1 passable for only one (as a foot-path) Mb.3.-2 fixing one's thoughts on one object, closely attentive, intent; see एकाग्र.(-नम्) 1 a lonely or retired place; एकायनगतः पथि Mb.1.176.5; Rām. 3.67.23.-2 a meeting-place, rendezvous. सर्वासामपां समुद्र एकायनम् Bṛi. Up.2.4.11.-3 union of thoughts.-4 monotheism.-5 the sole object; सा स्नेहस्य एकायनीभूता M.2.14; एकायनीभूय Mv.4 with one accord, unani- mously.-6 One and the same way, similarity; एकमेवायनगताः प्लवमाना गिरेर्गिरम् Rām.4.2.9.-7 Worldly wisdom (नीतिशास्त्र); नाम वै एकायनम् Ch. Up.7.1.2. ˚गत = एकायन q. v. तरुणः सुकृतैर्युक्त एकायनगतश्च ह Mb.7.12.22. ˚स्थः With only one resource open, driven to extremity; शूरश्चैकायनस्थश्च किमन्यत्प्रतिपद्यते Pratijñā.1.7.-अर्णवः general flood, universal deluge; अयं ह्युत्सहते क्रुद्धः कर्तुमे- कार्णवं जगत् Rām.5.49.2.-अर्थ a.1 having one and the same meaning, having the same object in view; राजन्यकान्युपायज्ञैरेकार्थानि चरैस्तव Śi.2.114.-2 (Rhet.) Tautological (as a sentence); Kāvyālaṅkāravṛitti. 2.1.11.(-र्थः) 1 the same thing, object, or intention.-2 the same meaning.-3 N. of a glossary (of synonymous words); cf. एकार्थनाममाला.- अवम a. inferior or less by one.- अवयव a. made up of the same components.-अशीत or ˚तितम a. eighty-first.-अशीतिः f. eighty-one.-अष्टका 1 the first or chief Aṣṭakā after the full moon; एकाष्टके सुप्रजसः सुवीरा Av.3.1.5.-2 the eighth day of the dark fortnight in the month of Māgha (on which a श्राद्ध is to be performed).-अष्ठीका (ला) The root of the trumpet-flower (Mar. पहाडमूळ).-अष्ठील a. having one kernel. (-लः) N. of a plant (बकवृक्ष); A white variety of Gigantic swallow- wort (Mar. रुईमांदार).-अहन् (ह) 1 the period of one day.-2 a sacrifice lasting for one day. ˚गमः, ˚अध्वा a day's journey.-आतपत्र a. characterized by only one umbrella (showing universal sovereignty); एकातपत्रं जगतः प्रभुत्वम् R.2.47. ˚त्रां भुवम् 18.4; K.26; Śi.12. 33; V.3.19.-आत्मन् a. depending solely on one-self, solitary.-आदेशः cf. Sk. on P.VI.1.11. one substitute for two or more letters (got by either dropping one vowel, or by the blending of both); as the आ in एकायन.-आयु a.1 providing the most excellent food.-2 the first living being. एकायुरग्रे विश आविवाससि Rv.1.31.5.-आवलिः, -ली f.1 a single string of pearls, beads &c.; सूत्रमेकावली शुद्धा Kau. A.2.11. एका- वली कण्ठविभूषणं वः Vikr.1.3; लताविटपे एकावली लग्ना V.1.-2 (in Rhetoric) Necklace- a series of statements in which there is a regular transition from a predicate to a subject, or from a subject to a predicate; स्थाप्यते$पोह्यते वापि यथापूर्वं परस्परम् । विशेषणतया यत्र वस्तु सैकावली द्विधा ॥ K. P.1; cf. Chandr.5.13-4; नेत्रे कर्णान्तविश्रान्ते कर्णो दोःस्तम्भदोलितौ &c. and Bk.2.19.-आहार्य a. having the same food; making no difference between allowed and forbidden food; एकहार्यं युगं सर्वम् Mb.3.19.41.-उक्तिः f. a single expression or word.-उत्तर a. greater or increasing by one.-उदकः (a relative) connected by the offering of funeral libations of water to the same deceased ancestor; जन्मन्येकोदकानां तु त्रिरात्राच्छुद्धिरिष्यते Ms.5.71.-उदरः, -रा uterine, (brother or sister).-उदात्त a. having one Udātta accent.-उद्दिष्टम् a Śrāddha or funeral rite performed for one definite individual deceased, not including other ancestors; see एकानुदिष्ट.-ऊन a. less by one, minus one.-ऋच् a. consisting of one verse (ऋच्). (-चम्) A Sūkta of one verse only; Av.19.23.2.-एक a. one by one, one taken singly, a single one; एकैकमप्यनर्थाय किमु यत्र चतुष्टयम् H. Pr.11; R.17.43.(-कम्), -एकैकशः, ind. one by one, singly, severally एकैकमत्र दिवसे दिवसे Ś.6.11; ˚कं निर्दिशन् Ś.7 pointing to each severally.-श्यम् (एककश्यम्) Single state, severally एकैकश्येनानुपूर्वं भूत्वा भूत्वेह जायते Bhāg.7.15.51.-˚श्येन (instrumental used as an adv.) individually, singly, one by one. ते यदि एकैकश्येनापि कुर्वन्ति तथापि सत्रक्रियामभिसमीक्ष्य बहव एव कुर्वन्तीति बहुवचनं भविष्यति । ŚB on MS.1.6.45.-ओघः 1 a continuous current.-2 A single flight (of arrows); एकौघेन स्वर्णपुङ्खैर्द्विषन्तः (आकिरन्ति स्म) Śi. 18.55.-कपाल a. consisting of or contained in one cup.-कर a. (-री f.)1 doing only one thing.-2 (-रा) one-handed.-3 one-rayed.-कार्य a.1 acting in concert with, co-operating, having made common cause with; co-worker; अस्माभिः सहैककार्याणाम् Mu.2; R.1.4.-2 answering the same end.-3 having the same occu- pation. (-र्यम्) sole or same business.-कालः 1 one time.-2 the same time, (-लम्, -ले) ind. at one time, at one and the same time; एककालं चरेद्भैक्षम् Ms.6.55. ˚भोजनम् eating but one meal in any given time.-कालिकम् Once a day; तेभ्यो लब्धेन भैक्ष्येण वर्तयन्नेककालिकम् Ms.11.123.-कालीन a.1 happening once only;-2 Contemporary, coeval.-कुण्डलः (लिन्) N. of Kubera; of Balabhadra and Śeṣa; गर्गस्रोतो महातीर्थमाजगामैककुण्डली Mb.9.37.14. cf. एककुण्डल आख्यातो बलरामे धनाधिपे Medini.-कुष्ठम् a kind of leprosy; कृष्णारुणं येन भवे- च्छरीरं तदेककुष्ठं प्रवदन्त्यसाध्यम् Suśr.-क्षीरम् the milk of one (nurse &c.).-गम्यः the supreme spirit.-गुरु, गुरुक a. having the same preceptor. (-रुः, -रुकः) a spiritual brother (pupil of the same preceptor).-ग्राम a. living in the same village. (-मः) the same village.-ग्रामीण a. Inhabiting the same village; नैकग्रामीणमतिथिम् Ms.3.13.-चक्र a.1 having only one wheel. (said of the sun's chariot); सप्त युञ्जन्ति रथमेक- चक्रम् Rv.1.164.2.-2 governed by one king only. (-क्रः) the chariot of the sun. ˚वर्तिन् m. sole master of the whole universe, universal monarch. (-क्रा) N. of the town Kīchakas.-चत्वारिंशत् f. forty-one.-चर a.1 wandering or living alone, alone; अयमेकचरो$ भिवर्तते माम् Ki.13.3;3.53. Kau. A.1.18. स्वच्छन्दमेकचरं Mudrā.-2 having one attendant.-3 living un- assisted.-4 going together or at the same time.-5 gregarious.-6 (Said of certain animals); न भक्षयेदेकचरान् Ms.5.17; Bhāg.5.8.18.(-रः) 1 a rhinoceros.-2 An ascetic (यति); नाराजके जनपदे चरत्येकचरो वशी Rām.2.67.23.- चरण a. having only one foot.-चारिन् a.1 living alone, solitary.-2 going alone or with one follower only.-3 An atten- dant of Buddha. (-णी) a loyal wife.-चित्त a. thinking of one thing only, absorbed in one object.(-त्तम्) 1 fixedness of thought upon one object.-2 unanimity एकचित्तीभूय H.1 unanimously; ˚ता fixedness of mind, agreement, unanimity.-चिन्तनम् thinking of only one object.-चिन्मय a. Consisting of intelligence; Rāmt. Up.-चेतस्, -मनस् a. unanimous; see ˚चित्त.-चोदन a. Resting upon one rule. (-नम्) referring to in the singular number.-च्छत्र a. Ruled by one king solely.-च्छायाश्रित a. Involved in similarity (of debt) with one debtor (said of a surety); Y.2.56.-ज a.1 born alone or single.-2 growing alone (a tree); महानप्येकजो वृक्षो बलवान्सुप्रतिष्ठितः Pt.3.54.-3 alone of its kind.-4 uniform, unchanging.-जः, -जा a brother or sister of the same parents.-जटा N. of a goddess उग्रतारा.-जन्मन् m.1 a king.-2 a Śūdra; see ˚जाति below.-जात a. born of the same parents; Ms.9.148.-जाति a.1 once born.-2 belonging to the same family or caste. (-तिः) a Śūdra (opp. द्विजन्मन्); ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यस्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः । चतुर्थ एकजातिस्तु शूद्रो नास्ति तु पञ्चमः ॥ Ms.1.4;8.27.-जातीय a. of the same kind, species or family. ˚अनुसमयः performance of one detail with reference to all things or persons, then doing the second, then the third and so on (see पदार्थानुसमय) Ms.5.2.1-2.-जीववादः (in phil.) the assertion of a living soul only.-ज्या the chord of an arc; sine of 3˚.-ज्योतिस् m. N. of Śiva.-तान a. con- centrated or fixed on one object only, closely attentive; ब्रह्मैकतानमनसो हि वसिष्ठमिश्राः Mv.3.11.(-नः) 1 atten- tion fixed on one object only; A. Rām.6.2.2.-2 musical harmony, = ˚तालः-ताल a. Having a single palm tree; एकताल एवोत्पातपवनप्रेरितो गिरिः R.15.23.-तालः harmony, accurate adjustment of song, dance, and instrumental music (cf. तौर्यत्रिकम्).-लम् A kind of sculptural measurement. (-ली) an instrument for beating time, any instrument having but one note.-तीर्थिन् a.1 bathing in the same holy water.-2 belonging to the same religious order; क्रमेणाचार्यसच्छिष्य- धर्मभ्रात्रेकतीर्थिनः Y.2.137. -m. a fellow student, spiritual brother.-तेजन a. Ved. having only one shaft (an arrow).-त्रिंशत् f. thirty-one; ˚त्रिंश 31st.-त्रिकः a kind of sacrifice performed in or lasting for a day.-दंष्ट्रः, -दन्तः "one-tusked", epithets of Gaṇeśa (एकदंष्ट्रः) A kind of fever.-दण्डिन् m.1 N. of a class of Sannyāsins or beggars (otherwise called हंस). They are divided into four orders:-- कुटीचको बहूदको हंसश्चैव तृतीयकः । चतुर्थः परहंसश्च यो यः पश्चात्स उत्तमः ॥ Hārita.-2 N. of a Vedantic school.-दलः, -पत्रः N. of a plant (चन्डालकन्द).-दिश् a. living in the same region or quarter.-दुःखसुख a. sympathising, having the same joys and sorrows.-दृश्, -दृष्टि a. one-eyed. -m.1 a crow.-2 N. of Śiva.-3 a philosopher.-दृश्य a. the sole object of vision, alone being worthy of being seen. तमेकदृश्यं नयनैः पिबन्त्यो Ku.7.64.-दृष्टिः f. fixed or steady look.-देवः the Supreme god.-देवत, -दे(दै)वत्य a. devoted, directed or offered to one deity.-देश a. occupying the same place.(-शः) 1 one spot or place.-2 a part or portion (of the whole), one side; ˚अवतीर्णा K.22; तस्यैकदेशः U.4; Mv.2; विभावितैकदेशेन देयं यदभियुज्यते V.4.33 'what is claimed should be given by one who is proved to have got a part of it'; (this is sometimes called एकदेशविभावितन्याय) ˚क्षाण a. partly burnt. एकदेशक्षाणमपि क्षाणमेव । ŚB. on MS.6.4.18.-देशिन् a. consisting of parts or portions divided into parts. -m. A disputant knowing only part of the true state of the case.-देह, -देहिन् a.1 having only one body.-2 elegantly formed.(-हः) 1 the planet Mercury.-2 (du.) Husband and wife.-धनः a kind of jug with which water is taken up at certain religious ceremonies.(-नम्) 1 an excellent gift.-2 honorific offering.-धनिन् a. obtaining an honorific offering,-धर्मन्, -धर्मिन् a.1 possessing the same properties of the same kind.-2 professing the same religion.-धुर, -धुरावह, -धुरीण a.1 fit for but one kind of labour.-2 fit for but one yoke (as cattle for special burden; P.IV.4.79).-धुरा a particular load or con- veyance.-नक्षत्रम् a lunar mansion consisting of only one star.-नटः the principal actor in a drama, the manager (सूत्रधार) who recites the prologue.-नयनः The planet Venus.-नवतः ninety-first.-नवतिः f. ninety-one.-नाथ a. having one master.(-थः) 1 sole master or lord.-2 N. of an author.-नायकः N. of Śiva.-निश्चय a. come to the same conclusion or resolution, having the same aim. (-यः) general agreement or con- clusion, unanimity.-निपातः A particle which is a single word.-निष्ठ a.1 intently devoted or loyal (to one thing).-2 intently fixed on one object.-नेत्रः 1 N. of Śiva; (one-eyed).-2 (With Śaivas) One of the eight forms of Vidyeśvara.-पक्ष a.1 of the same side or party, an associate.-2 partial. (-क्षः) one side or party; ˚आश्रयविक्लवत्वात् R.14.34; ˚क्षे in one point of view, in one case.-पक्षीभावः The state of being the one alternative.-पञ्चाशत् f. fifty-one.-पतिक a. having the same husband.-पत्नी 1 a faithful wife (perfectly chaste); तां चावश्यं दिवसगणनातत्परामेकपत्नीम् Me.1.-2 the wife of a man who has no other wives; यो धर्म एकपत्नीनां काङ्क्षन्ती तमनुत्तमम् Ms.5.158.-3 the wife of the same man; a co-wife; सर्वासामेकपत्नीनामेका चेत्पुत्रिणी भवेत् Ms.9. 183. ˚व्रतम् a vow of perfect chastity; कामेकपत्नीव्रतदुःख- शीलाम् Ku.3.7.-पत्रिका the plant Ocimum Gratissimum (गन्धपत्रा; Mar. नागदवणी)-पद्, -पाद् a.1 one-footed, limping, lame.-2 incomplete. (-पाद्) m. N. of Śiva or Viṣṇu. (-पदी) a foot-path (for a single man to walk on). एकपद्या तया यान्ती नलिकायन्त्रतुल्यया Śiva. B.28.66-पद a.1 one-footed.-2 consisting of or named in one word.(-दम्) 1 a single step.-2 single or simple word.-3 the time required to pronounce a single word.-4 present time, same time;(-दः) 1 a man having one foot.-2 a kind of coitus (रतिबन्ध). (-दे) ind. sudden- ly, all at once, abruptly; निहन्त्यरीनेकपदे य उदात्तः स्वरानिव Śi.2.95; R.8.48; K.45; V.4.3. (-दा) a verse con- sisting of only one Pāda or quarter stanza.(-दी) 1 a woman having one foot.-2 a Gāyatrī consisting of one Pāda. गायत्र्यस्येकपदी Bṛi. Up.5.14.7.-3 Foot-path (Mar. पाऊलवाट); इयमेकपदी राजन्यतो मे पितुराश्रमः Rām. 2.63.44.-पर a. Ved. an epithet of the dice in which one is decisive or of pre-eminent importance.-परि ind. one over or under, (a term at dice; cf. अक्षपरि). अक्षस्याह- मेकहरस्य हेतोः Rv.1.34.2.-पर्णा 1 N. of a younger sister of Durgā.-2 N. of Durgā.-3 a plant having one leaf only.-पलाशः a. a single Butea Frondosa.-पाटला N. of a younger sister of Durgā; N. of Durgā.-पाणः a single wager.-पात a. happening at once, sudden.-तः The first word of a Mantra (प्रतीक).-पतिन् a.1 sudden.-2 standing alone or solitary. (-नी) i. e. ऋक् a verse to be taken by itself or independently of the hymn to which it belongs.-पाद a.1 having only one foot; तत्र शिश्रिये$ज एकपादः Av.13.1.6.-2 using only one foot.(-दः) 1 one or single foot.-2 one and the same Pāda.-3 N. of Viṣṇu and Śiva.-पादिका a kind of posture of birds.-पार्थिवः Sole ruler or king; न केवलं तद्गुरुरेक- पार्थिवः R.3.31.-पिङ्गः, -पिङ्गलः N. of Kubera; having a yellow mark in place of one eye; (his eye was so made on account of a curse uttered by Pārvatī when he cast an evil eye at her;) Dk.2.4.-पिण्ड a. united by the offering of the funeral rice-ball;˚ता, -त्वम् consanguinity.-पुत्र a. having only one son.-पुरुषः 1 the Supreme Being; वेदान्तेषु यमाहुरेकपुरुषम् V.1.1;-2 the chief person. a. Consisting of only one man. तथैकपुरुषं राष्ट्रम् Bhāg.6.5.7.-पुष्कलः (रः) N. of a musical instrument (Mar. काहल); ततः प्रयाते दाशार्हे प्रावाद्यन्तैकपुष्कराः Mb.5.94.21.-प्रकार a. of the same kind.-प्रख्य a. singularly like.-प्रभुत्वम् sole sovereignty.-प्रयत्नः one effort (of the voice).-प्रस्थः a measure.-प्रहारिक a. killed by one blow. Mk.8.-प्राणयोगः union in one breath.-बुद्धि a. having only one thought.-भक्त a.1 serving one master only.-2 worshipping one deity.-3 eating together. (-भूक्तम्) N. of a religi- ous ceremony; eating but one meal (a day) Mb.3; Y.3.318. ˚व्रतम् eating but once a day as a religious observance.-भक्ति a.1 believing in one deity.-2 firmly devoted; तेषां ज्ञानी नित्ययुक्त एकभक्तिर्विशिष्यते Bg.7. 17. -f. eating but one meal a day.-भार्या a faithful or chaste wife. तामेकभार्यां परिवादभीरोः R.14.86 (-र्यः) one having one wife only.-भाव a. of the same or one nature.-2 sincerely devoted.-3 honest, sincerely disposed.(-वः) 1 one feeling, the same or unchanged devotion; दुर्ग्राह्यत्वान्नृपतिमनसां नैकभावाश्रयाणां सेवाधर्मः परमगहनः Pt.1.285;3.65. स्वतेजसा सत्त्वगुणप्रवाहमात्मैकभावेन भजध्वमद्धा Bhāg.-2 oneness, agreement. cf. एको भावः सदा शस्तो यतीनां भवितात्मनाम्-भूत a.1 being one, undivided-2 concentrated, closely attentive.-भूमः a palace having one floor.-भोजन, -भुक्त a.1 eating but one meal.-2 eating in common.-मति a.1 fixed on one object.-2 unanimous, thinking in the same way.-मनस् a. thinking with another, of one thought; ते निर्यान्तु मया सहैकमनसो येषामभीष्टं यशः Mu.2.13.-2 fixing the mind upon one object, closely attentive; गच्छन्तमेकमनसम् Mb.1.42.36. एकमनाः श्रोतुमर्हति देवः M.2.-मात्र a. of one syllable.-मुख a.1 having the face directed towards one place, direction of object; सहस्रं स एकमुखो ददाति Av.9.4.9.-2 having the same aim.-3 having one chief or head; द्यूतमेकमुखं कार्यम् Y.2.23.-4 having one door or entrance (as a मण्डप).(-खम्) 1 gambling.-2 a kind of fruit (रुद्राक्षफल).-मूर्धन् = ˚मुख q. v. Av.8.9.15.-मूला = अतसी q. v.-यष्टिः, -यष्टिका a single string of pearls.-योनि a.1 uterine.-2 of the same family or caste; एतद्विधानं विज्ञेयं विभाग- स्यैकयोनिषु Ms.9.148.-रजः the plant भृङ्गराज (Mar. माका).-रथः An eminent warrior; Mb.3.-रश्मि a. Lustrous Mb.4.-रस a.1 finding pleasure only in one thing, of one flavour; रसान्तराण्येकरसं यथा दिव्यं पयो$श्नुते R.1.17.-2 of one feeling or sentiment only; साहस˚ U.5.21 influenced only by rashness; विक्रम˚ K.7; भावैकरसं मनः Ku.5.82; M.3.1; Bv.2.155; Śi.6.26; V.1.9.-3 of one tenor, stable, equable; Māl.4.7; U.4.15.-4 solely or exclusively devoted (to one); अबलैकरसाः R.9.43,8.65.(-सः) 1 oneness of aim or feeling.-2 the only flavour or pleasure. (-सम्) a drama of one sentiment.-राज्, -राजः m. an absolute king; प्राङ् विशाम्पतिरेकराट् त्वं वि राज Av.3.4.1. a. Shining alone, alone visible; स वा एष तदा द्रष्टा नाप- श्यद् दृश्यमेकराट् Bhāg.3.5.24.-रात्रः a ceremony lasting one night. (-त्रम्) one night; एकरात्रं तु निवसन्नतिथिर्ब्राह्मणः स्मृतः Ms.3.12.-रात्रिक a. lasting or sufficient for one night only.-राशिः 1 a heap, crowd.-2 a sign of the zodiac. ˚भूत a. collected or heaped together.-रिक्थिन् m. a coheir; यद्येकरिक्थिनौ स्यातामौरसक्षेत्रजौ सुतौ Ms.9.162.-रूप a.1 of one form or kind, like, similar; आसवः प्रतिपदं प्रमदानां नैकरूपरसतामिव भेजे Ki.9.55.-2 uniform, one-coloured; Rv.1.169.2.(-पम्) 1 one form or kind;-2 The knowledge of reality. विमोचयत्येकरूपेण Sāṅ. K.63. ˚ता uniformity, invariableness; क्षणद्युतीनां दधुरेकरूपताम् Ki.8.2.-रूप्य a. formed or arising from one.-लिङ्गः 1 a word having one gender only.-2 N. of Kubera. (-ङ्गम्) a place in which for five krośas there is but one लिङ्ग (Phallus); पञ्चक्रोशान्तरे यत्र न लिङ्गान्तरमीक्ष्यते । तदेकलिङ्गमाख्यातं तत्र सिद्धिरनुत्तमा ॥ Śabdak.-वचनम् the singular number.-वर्ण a.1 of one colour.-2 identical, same.-3 of one tribe or caste.-4 involving the use of one letter (˚समीकरण).(-र्णः) 1 one form.-2 a Brāhmaṇa.-3 a word of one syllable.-4 a superior caste. (-र्णी) beating time, the instru- ment (castanet); ˚समीकरणम् an equation involving one unknown quantity.-वर्णिक a.1 of one colour.-2 of one caste.-वर्षिका a heifer one year old.-वस्त्र, -वसन a. having only one garment, in one dress (without उत्तरीय). (-स्त्रम्) a single garment.-वाक्यम् one or unanimous opinion; एकवाक्यं विवव्रः R.6.85 raised a unanimous cry; ˚ता consistency in meaning, unanimity, reconciling different statements, syntactical unity; प्रकरणाच्च ज्योतिष्टोमेनैकवाक्यता स्यात् । ŚB. on MS.1. 5.37.-वाक्यकृ 8 U. To effect syntactical unity, to construe as one sentence. तस्मात् प्रकृतानां... देवतानामन्यतमया देवतया प्रकृतत्वादेकवाक्यतां कृत्वा देवतामवगमिष्यामः । ŚB. on MS.1. 8.5.-वाक्यया 2 P. (with instrumental) To form one sentence with, to be syntactically connected with; न वै कृतं कर्म प्राकृतैरङ्गपदार्थैः सहैकवाक्यतां याति । ŚB. on MS.1. 1.2.˚त्वम् syntactical unity. The state of forming or being one sentence; एकवाक्यत्वाच्च । Ms.1.1.8.-वाचक a. Synonymous.-वादः 1 a kind of drum or tabor (Mar. डफ).-2 the unitarian doctrine, monotheism.-वारम्, -वारे ind.1 only once.-2 at once, suddenly.-3 at one time.-वासस् a. Clothed in only one garment.-वासा A woman; Nigh.-विंश a. twenty-first; consisting of twentyone. (-शः) the Ekaviṁśa- ṣ&tod;oma; Av.8.9.2.-विंशक a. The twentyfirst; दश पूर्वान्परान् वंश्यानात्मानं चैकविंशकम् । ब्राह्मीपुत्रः सुकृतकृन्मोचयेदेनसः पितॄन् ॥ Ms.3.37.-कम् The number twentyone; Y.3.224.-विंशतिः f. twentyone.-विजयः Complete victory; Kau. A.12.-विध a. of one kind; simple.-विलोचन a. one-eyed; see एकदृष्टि.-विषयिन् m. a rival (having a common object or end in view).-वीरः a pre-eminent warrior or hero; धर्म˚ Mv.5.48.-रा N. of a daughter of Śiva, a deity.-वृक्षः 1 one tree.-2 a district in which but one tree is seen for 4 Krośas.-वृत f. heaven.-वृन्दम 1 a peculiar disease of the throat.-2 one heap or collection.-वृषः Ved. the chief bull; the best or most excellent of a number.-वेणिः, -णी f. a single braid of hair (worn by a woman as a mark of her separation from her hus- band &c.); गण्डाभोगात्कठिनविषमामेकवेणीं करेण Me.93; ˚धरा Ś.7; धृत˚ Ś.7.21.-वेश्मन् n. a solitary house or room; विप्रदुष्टां स्त्रियं भर्ता निरुन्ध्यादेकवेश्मनि Ms.11.176.-व्यवसायिन् a. following the same profession.-व्याव- हारिकाः N. of a Buddhist school.-शत a. 11 st. (-तम्) 11; अत्रैतदेकशतं नाडीनां Prasna. Up.3.6.-शक a. whole-hoofed. (-फः) an animal whose hoof is not cloven (as a horse, ass &c.); अजाविकं सैकशफं न जातु विषमं भजेत् Ms.9.119.-शरणम् the sole recourse or refuge (especially applied to a deity).-शरीर a. of one body or blood, consanguineous. ˚अन्वयः consan- guineous descent. ˚अवयवः a descendant in a right line, blood-kinsman. ˚आरम्भः commencement of consangui- nity by the union of father and mother.-शल्यः A kind of fish; Rām.5.11.17.-शाख a. having one branch. (-खः) a Brāhmaṇa of the same branch or school.-शायिन् a. Sleeping alone, chaste; Mb.13.-शाला A single hall or room; (-लम् A house consisting of one hall; Matsya P.-शीर्षन् = ˚मुख q. v. Av.13.4.6.-शुङ्ग a. having one sheath. (-ङ्गा) N. of a medicinal plant.-शुल्कम् One and the same purchase money (given to the parents of a bride); अन्यां चेद्दर्शयित्वा$न्या वोढुः कन्या प्रदीयते । उभे ते एकशुल्केन वहेदित्यब्रवीन्मनुः ॥ Ms.8.24.-शृङ्ग a. having only one horn.(-ङ्गः) 1 a unicorn; rhinoceros.-2 N. of Viṣṇu.-3 a class of Pitṛis.-4 a mountain having one top.-शेपः a tree having one root.-शेषः 'the remainder of one', a species of Dvandva compound in which one of two or more words only is retained; e. g. पितरौ father and mother, parents, (= मातापितरौ); so श्वशुरौः, भ्रातरः &c.-श्रुत a. once heard. ˚धर a. keeping in mind what one has heard once.-श्रुतिः f.1 monotony.-2 the neutral accentless tone. (-ति) ind. in a monotonous manner.-श्रुष्टि a. Ved. obedient to one command.-षष्ट a. sixty-first.-षष्टिः f. sixty-one. ˚तम a. sixty first.-संस्थ a. dwelling in one place; R.6.29.-सप्तत, ˚तितम् a. seventy-first.-सप्ततिः f. seventy-one.-सभम् a common place of meeting.-सर्ग a. closely attentive. (-र्गः) concentration.-सहस्रम् 11 or one thousand; वृषभैकसहस्रा गा दद्यात्सुचरितव्रतः Ms.11.127.-साक्षिक a. witnessed by one.-सार्थम् ind. together, in one company.-सूत्रम् N. of a small double drum played by a string and ball attached to the body of it (Mar. डमरू).-स्तोमः N. of Soma ceremony.-स्थ a.1 being or centred in one place; in one man; ज्ञानमेकस्थमाचार्ये...... शौर्यमेकस्थमाचार्ये Mb.7.188.45. Ku. 1.49; हन्तैकस्थं क्वचिदपि न ते चण्डि सादृश्यमस्ति Me.16.-2 close-standing, standing side by side.-3 collected, combined.-स्थानम् one or the same place; एकस्थाने प्रसूते वाक् Pt.4.5.-2 Standing closely; विपक्षेणापि मरुता यथैकस्थानवीरुधः Pt.3.53.-हंसः the chief or highest Haṁsa (an allegorical designation of the soul). हिरण्मयः पुरुष एकहंसः Bṛi. Up.4.3.11.-हायन a. one year old; त्रस्तैकहायनकुरङ्गविलोलदृष्टिः Māl.4.8; U.3.28. (-नी) a heifer one year old. (-नम्) the period of one year. -
17 दण्डः _daṇḍḥ _ण्डम् _ṇḍam
दण्डः ण्डम् [दण्ड्-अच्]1 A stick, staff, rod, mace, club, cudgel; पततु शिरस्यकाण्डयमदण्ड इवैष भूजः Māl.5.31; काष्ठदण्डः.-2 The sceptre of a king, the rod as a symbol of authority and punishment; आत्तदण्डः Ś.5.8.-3 The staff given to a twice-born man at the time of investiture with the sacred thread; cf Ms.2.45-48.-4 The staff of a संन्यासिन् or ascetic.-5 The trunk of an elephant.-6 The stem or stalk as of a lotus, tree &c.; U.1.31; Māl.9.14; the handle as of an umbrella; ब्रह्माण्डच्छत्रदण्डः &c. Dk.1 (opening verse); राज्यं स्वहस्तधृतदण्डमिवातपत्रम् Ś.5.6; Ku.7.89; so कमल- दण्ड &c.-7 The oar of a boat.-8 An arm or leg (at the end of comp.)-9 The staff or pole of a ban- ner, a tent &c.-1 The beam of a plough.-11 The cross-bar of a lute or a stringed instrument.-12 The stick with which an instrument is played.-13 A churning-stick.-14 Fine; Ms.8.341;9.229; Y.2.237.-15 Chastisement, corporal punishment, punishment in general; यथापराधदण्डानाम् R.1.6; एवं राजापथ्यकारिषु ती- क्ष्णदण्डो राजा Mu.1; दण्डं दण्ड्येषु पातयेत् Ms.8.126; कृतदण्ड स्वयं राज्ञा लेभे शूद्रः सतां गतिम् R.15.23. यथार्हदण्डो (राजा) पूज्यः Kau. A.1.4; सुविज्ञातप्रणीतो हि दण्डः प्रजां धर्मार्थकामै- र्योजयति Kau. A.1.4-16 Imprisonment.-17 Attack, assault, violence, punishment, the last of the four expe- dients; see उपाय; सामादीनामुपायानां चतुर्णामपि पण्डिताः । साम- दण्डौ प्रशंसन्ति नित्यं राष्ट्राभिवृद्धये ॥ Ms.7.19; cf. Śi.2.54.-18 An army; तस्य दण्डवतो दण्डः स्वदेहान्न व्यशिष्यत R.17. 62; Ms.7.65;9.294; Ki.2.15.-19 A form of mili- tary array; Mb.12.59.4.-2 Subjection, control, restraint; वाग्दण्डो$थ मनोदण्डः कायदण्डस्तथैव च । यस्यैते निहिता बुद्धौ त्रिदण्डीति स उच्यते ॥ Ms.12.1.-21 A measure of length equal to 4 Hastas; Bṛi. S.24.9.-22 The penis.-23 Pride; या चापि न्यस्तदण्डानां तां गतिं व्रज पुत्रक Mb. 7.78.25.-24 The body.-25 An epithet of Yama.-26 N. of Viṣṇu.-27 N. of Śiva.-28 An attendant on the sun.-29 A horse (said to be m. only in this and the preceding four senses).-3 A particular appear- ance in the sky (similar to a stick).-31 An uninter- rupted row or series, a line.-32 Standing upright or erect.-33 A corner, an angle.-34 The Science of Govt. विनयमूलो दण्डः, दण्डमूलास्तिस्त्रो विद्याः Kau. A.1.5.-35 Harm, injury; न्यासो दण्डस्य भूतेषु मनोवाक्कायजस्य यः Bhāg.7. 15.8.-Comp. -अजिनम् 1 staff and hide (as outer badges of devotion).-2 (fig.) hypocrisy, deceit.-अधिपः a chief magistrate.-अनीकम् a detachment or division of an army; तव हृतवतो दण्डानीकैर्विदर्भपतेः श्रियम् M.5.2.-अप (व) तानकः tetanus, lock-jaw.-अपूपन्यायः see under न्याय.-अर्ह a. fit to be chastised, deserving punishment.-अलसिका cholera.-आख्यम् a house with two wings, one facing the north and the other the east; Bṛi. S.53. 39.-आघातः a blow with a stick; पूर्वप्रविष्ठान्क्रोधात्तान्दण्डा- घातैरताडयन् Ks.54.23.-आज्ञा judicial sentence.-आश्रमः the condition of a pilgrim.-आश्रमिन् m. a devotee, an ascetic.-आसनम्, दण्डकासनम् lying prostrate on the ground, a kind of Āsana; Yoga S.2.46.-आहतम् buttermilk.-उद्यमः 1 threatening.-2 (pl.) application of power; निःसाराल्पफलानि ये त्वविधिना वाञ्छन्ति दण्डोद्यमैः Pt.1.376.-कर्मन् n. infliction of punishment, chastisement; देशकालवयःशक्ति संचिन्त्यं दण्डकर्मणि Y.2.275.-कलितम् repetition like a measuring rod, i. e. doing a matter after it is done in full first and then repeating it like that a second time and so on; आवृत्तिन्यायानां दण्ड- कलितं न्याय्यम् । ŚB. on MS.1.5.83; ˚वत् ind. in the manner of a measuring rod.-कल्पः Infliction of punishment; शुद्धचित्रश्च दण्डकल्पः Kau. A.4.-काकः a raven.-काण्ठम् a wooden club or staff; दण्डकाष्ठमवलम्ब्य स्थितः Ś2.-ग्रहणम् assumption of the staff of an asce- tic or pilgrim, becoming a mendicant.-घ्न a. striking with a stick, committing an assault; Ms.8.386.-चक्रः a division of an army.-छदनम् a room in which utensils of various kinds are kept.-ढक्का a kind of drum.-दासः one who has become a slave from non-payment of a debt; Ms.8.415.-देवकुलम् a court of justice.-धर, -धार a.1 carrying a staff, staff- bearer.-2 punishing, chastising; दत्ताभये त्वयि यमादपि दण्डधारे U.2.11.-3 exercising judicial authority.(-रः) 1 a king; श्रमनुदं मनुदण्डधरान्वयम् R.9.3; बलीयानबलं ग्रसते दण्डधराभावे Kau. A.1.4.-2 N. of Yama; यमो निहन्ता......दण्डधरश्च कालः-3 a judge, supreme magistrate.-4 a mendicant carrying a staff.-5 a potter.-6 a general (of an army;) Dk.2.-धारणम् 1 carrying a staff (as by a Brahmachārin).-2 following the order of a mendicant.-3 infliction of punishment.-नायकः 1 a judge, a head police-officer, a magistrate.-2 the leader of an army, a general.-3 a king. ˚पुरुषः a policeman, constable.-निधानम् pardoning, indulgence; Mb.12.-निपातनम् punishing, chastising.-नीतिः f.1 administration of justice, judicature.-2 the system of civil and military administration, the science of poli- tics, polity; Ms.7.43; Y.1.311; फलान्युपायुङ्क्त स दण्ड- नीतेः R.18.46; जरातुरः संप्रति दण्डनीत्या सर्वं नृपस्यानुकरोमि वृत्तम् Nāg.4.1.-3 an epithet of Durgā.-नेतृ m.1 a king.-2 Yama; गृध्रा रुषा मम कृषन्त्यधिदण्डनेतुः Bhāg.3.16. 1.-3 a judge; Ms.12.1; Bhāg.4.22.45.-पः a king.-पांशुलः a porter, door-keeper.-पाणिः 1 an epithet of Yama; करोमि चिकित्सां दण्डपाणिरिव जनतायाः Bhāg.5.1.7.-2 N. of the god Śiva at Benares.-3 a policeman; इति पश्चात्प्रविष्टास्ते पुरुषा दण्डपाणयः Ks.54.23.-पातः 1 falling of a stick.-2 infliction of punishment.-3 dropping one line in a manuscript.-पातनम् inflic- tion of punishment, chastisement.-पारुष्यम् 1 assault, violence.-2 hard or cruel infliction of punishment; अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि दण्डपारुष्यनिर्णयम् Ms.8.278.-पालः, -पालकः 1 a head magistrate.-2 a door-keeper, porter. Kau. A.1.12.-3 Ns. of two kinds of fishes; L. D. B.-पाशकः, -पाशिकः 1 a head police-officer; Pt.2; उच्यता- मस्मद्वचनात्कालपाशिको दण्डपाशिकश्च Mu.1.2-21.-2 a hangman, an executioner.-पोणम् a strainer furnished with a handle.-प्रणामः 1 bowing by prostrating the body at full length (keeping it erect like a stick). cf. साष्टाङ्गनमस्कार.-2 falling flat or prostrate on the ground.-बालधिः an elephant.-भङ्गः non-execution of a sentence.-भृत् m.1 a potter.-2 an epithet of Yama.-माण (न)वः 1 a staff-bearer-2 an ascetic bearing a staff; Rām.2.32.18.-3 a chief or leader.-माथः a principal road, highway.-मुखः a leader, general of an army.-यात्रा 1 a solemn procession (particularly bridal).-2 warlike expedition, conquest (of a region).-यामः 1 an epithet of Yama.-2 of Agastya.-3 a day.-लेशम् a small fine; Ms.8.51.-वधः capital punishment.-वाचिक a. actual or verbal (assault); Ms.8.6; cf. वाक्-पारुष्यम्.-वादिन् a. reprimanding, censuring, threatening with punishment; (also -m.).-वारित a. forbidden by threat of punishment.-वासिकः a door-keeper, warder.-वासिन् m.1 a door-keeper.-2 a magistrate.-वाहिन् m. a police-officer.-विकल्पः discretion given to an officer in awarding punishment or fine; Ms.9.228.-विधिः 1 rule of punishment; see दण्डोद्यमः-2 criminal law.-विष्कम्भः the post to which the string of a churning-stick is fastened.-व्यूहः a particular form of arranging troops, arranging them in long lines or columns; Ms.7.187.-शास्त्रम् the science of inflicting punishment, criminal law.-हस्तः 1 a door-keeper, warder, porter.-2 an epithet of Yama. -
18 चन्द्र _candra
चन्द्र a. [चन्द् णिच् रक्] Ved.1 Glittering, bright, shining (as gold).-2 Lovely, beautiful.-न्द्रः 1 The moon; यथा प्रह्लादनाच्चन्द्रः R.4.12; हृतचन्द्रा तमसेव कौमुदी 8. 37; न हि संहरते ज्योत्स्नां चन्द्रश्चाण्डालवेश्मनि H.1.61; मुख˚, वदन˚ &e.; पर्याप्तचन्द्रेव शरत्त्रियामा Ku.7.26 (for mythologi- cal account see सोम).-2 The moon, as a planet.-3 Camphor; विलेपनस्याधिकचन्द्रभागताविभावनाच्चापललाप पाण्डुताम् N.1.51.-4 The eye in a peacock's tail.-5 Water.-6 Gold (n. also).-7 A lovely or agreeable phenomenon-8 A spot similar to the moon.-9 The symbol or mark of a Visarga.-1 A reddish kind of pearl.-11 The fifth lunar mansion.-12 The number 'one' (used at the end of comp. चन्द्र means 'excellent', 'eminent' or 'illustrious'; as पुरुषचन्द्रः 'a moon of men', an excellent or illustrious man).-न्द्रा 1 Small cardamoms.-2 An open hall only furnished with a roof.-3 An awning, a canopy.-Comp. -अंशुः 1 Viṣṇu.-2 a moon-beam.-अर्धः the half moon; Pt.4. ˚चूडामणिः, ˚मौलिः, ˚शेखरः epithet of Śiva.-आतपः 1 moon-light.-2 awning.-3 an open hall only furnished with a roof.-आत्मजः, -औरसः, -जः, -जातः, -तनयः, -नन्दनः, -पुत्रः the planet Mercury.-आतपः the moon-light; चन्द्रातपमिव रसतामुपेतम् K.-आदित्यौ 1 The moon and the sun.-2 N. of curls on the forehead of a horse; चन्द्रादित्यौ ललाटस्थौ नृपाणां जयवर्धनौ Śālihotra of Bhoja 25.- आनन a. moon-faced. (-नः) an epithet of Kārtikeya.-आपीडः an epithet of Śiva.-आभासः 'false moon', an appearance in the sky re- sembling the real moon.-आह्वयः camphor.-इष्टा a lotus plant, or a collection of lotuses, blossoming during the night.-उदयः 1 moon-rise.-2 awning.-3 a mer- curial preparation used in medicine. (-या) a kind of medicine for the eyes.-उपलः the moon stone.-कला 1 a digit of the moon; राहोश्चन्द्रकलामिवाननचरीं दैवात्समासाद्य मे Māl.5.28.-2 the crescent before or after the new moon.-3 A cattle-drum.-4 A kind of fish; L. D. B.-कान्तः, -मणिः the moon-stone (supposed to ooze away under the influence of the moon); द्रवति च हिमश्मावुद्गते चन्द्रकान्तः U.6.12; Śi.4.58; Amaru.57; Bh.1.21; Māl.1.24. (-तः, -तम्) the white eatable water-lily blossoming during the night. (-तम्) sandal-wood.-कान्ता 1 a night.-2 the wife of the moon.-3 moon- light.-कान्तिः f. moon-light. -n. silver.-कुल्या N. of a river in Kashmir; अवतारयतस्तस्य चन्द्रकुल्याभिधां नदीम् Rāj. T.1.318.-क्षयः the new-moon-day or the last day of a lunar month (अमा) when the moon is not visible.-गृहम् the fourth sign of the zodiac, Cancer.-गोलः the world of the moon, lunar sphere. ˚रथः a deceased pro- genitor, the manes.-गोलिका moon-light.-ग्रहणम् an eclipse of the moon.-चन्चला a small fish.-चूडः, -मौलिः, -शेखरः, -चूडामणिः epithets of Śiva; ('having the moon for his crest', 'moon-crested'); रहस्युपालभ्यत चन्द्र- शेखरः Ku.5.58,86; R.6.34; नखेन कस्य धन्यस्य चन्द्रचूडो भविष्यति Udb.-दाराः (m. pl.) 'the wives of the moon', the 27 lunar mansions mythologically regarded as so many daughters of Dakṣa and married to the moon.-द्युतिः sandal-wood. -f. moon-light.-नामन् m. camphor.-निभ a. bright, handsome.-निर्णिज् a. having a brilliant garment; पतरेव चचरा चन्द्रनिर्णिक् Rv.1.16.8.-पञ्चागम् the luni-solar calendar.-पादः a moon-beam; नियमितपरिखेदा तच्छिरश्चन्द्रपादैः Me. 7; Māl.3.12.-प्रज्ञप्तिः f. N. of the sixth Upāṅga of the Jainas.-प्रभा moon-light.-प्रासादः An apartment at the house-top; Ks.-बाला 1 large cardamoms.-2 moon-light.-बिन्दु the sign for the nasal (<?>)-बुध्न a. having a bright standing ground; चन्द्रबुध्नो मदवृद्धो मनीषिभिः Rv.1.52.3.-भस्मन् n. camphor.-भागा N. of a river in the south.-भासः a sword; see चन्द्रहास.-भूति n. silver.-मणिः the moon-stone-मण्डलम् 1 the orb or disc of the moon.-2 the lunar sphere.-3 a halo round the moon.-मुखी a moon-faced (i. e. lovely) woman.-रेखा, -लेखा the digit or streak of the moon; अथवा रत्नाकराद् ऋते कुतश्चन्द्रलेखायाः प्रसूतिः Nāg.2.-रेणुः a plagiarist.-लोकः the world of the moon.-लोहकम्, -लौहम्, -लौहकम् silver.-वंशः the lunar race of kings, the second great line of royal dynasties in India.- वदन a. a moon-faced.-वल्ली, -वल्लरी The soma plant; L. D. B.-व्रतम् 1 a kind of vow or penance = चान्द्रायण q. v.-2 a regal property or virtue.-विहंगमः A kind of bird; L. D. B.-शाला 1 a room on the top (of a house &c.); चन्द्रशाला शिरोगृहम् Amar.; वियद्गतः पुष्पकचन्द्रशालाः क्षणं प्रतिश्रुन्मुखराः करोति R.13.4.-2 moonlight.-शालिका a room on the top of a house.-शिला the moon-stone; प्रह्लादिता चन्द्रशिलेव तूर्णम् Bk.11.15; ननु भणामि एषा सा चन्द्रमणिशिलेति Nāg.2.-संज्ञः camphor.-संभव N. of Budha or Mercury. (-वा) small cardamoms.-सालोक्य attain- ment of the lunar heaven.-हन् m. an epithet of Rāhu.-हासः 1 a glittering sword.-2 the sword of Rāvaṇa; हे पाणयः किमिति वाञ्छथ चन्द्रहासम् B. R.1.56,61.-3 N. of a king of Kerala, son of Sudhārmika. [He was born under the Mūla asterism and his left foot had a redundant toe; for this his father was killed by his enemies, and the boy was left an orphan in a state of destitution. After much exertion he was restored to his kingdom. He became a friend of Krisna and Arjuna when they came to the South in the course of their wanderings with the sacrificial horse.] (-सम्) silver. -
19 पूर्व _pūrva
पूर्व a. (Declined like a pronoun when it implies relative position in time or space, but optionally so in nom. pl.; and abl. and loc. sing.)1 Being in front of, first, foremost.-2 Eastern, easterly, to the east of; ग्रामात् पर्वतः पूर्वः Sk.; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku.1.1.-3 Previous to, earlier than; ब्राह्मणे साहसः पूर्वः Ms.8.276.-4 Old, ancient; पूर्वसूरिभिः R.1.4; इदं कविभ्यः पूर्वेभ्यो नमोवाकं प्रशास्महे U.1.1.-5 Former, previous, anterior, prior, antecedent (opp. उत्तर); in this sense often at the end of comp. and translated by 'formerly.' or 'before'; श्रुतपूर्व &c.; व्यतीता या निशा पूर्वा पौराणां हर्षवर्धिनी Rām.7.37.1.-6 Aforesaid, before-mentioned.-7 Initial.-8 Established, customary, of long standing-9 Early, prime, पूर्वे वयसि Pt.1.165 'in early age or prime of life.-1 Elder (ज्येष्ठ); रामः पूर्वो हि नो भ्राता भविष्यति महीपतिः Rām.2.79.8.-11 (At the end of comp.) Preceded by, accompanied by, attended with; संबन्धमा भाषणपूर्वमाहुः R.2.58; पुण्यः शब्दो मुनिरिति मुहुः केवलं राजपूर्वः Ś2.17; तान् स्मितपूर्वमाह Ku.7.47; बहुमानपूर्वया 5.31; दशपूर्वरथं यमाख्यया दशकण्ठारिगुरुं विदुर्बुधाः R.8.29; so मतिपूर्वम् Ms.11.147 'intentionally', 'knowingly'; 12.89; अबोधपूर्वम् 'unconsciously', Ś.5.2. &c.-र्वः An ancestor, a forefather; पूर्वैः किलायं परिवर्धितो नः R.13.3; पयः पूर्वैः सनिश्वासैः कवोष्णमुपभुज्यते 1.67;5.14; अनुकारिणि पूर्वेषां युक्तरूपमिदं त्वयि Ś.2.17.-र्वम् The fore- part; अनवरतधनुर्ज्यास्फालनक्रूरपूर्वम् (गात्रम्) Ś.2.4.-र्वा 1 The east-2 N. of a country to the east of Madhya- deśa.-र्वम् ind.1 Before (with abl.); मासात् पूर्वम्.-2 Formerly, previously, at first, antecedently, before- hand; तं पूर्वमभिवादयेत् Ms.2.117;3.94;8.25;; R. 12.35; प्रणिपातपूर्वम् K; भूतपूर्वखरालयम् U.2.17 'which formerly was the abode', &c.; समयपूर्वम् Ś.5. 'after a formal agreement.'-3 Immemorially. (पूर्वेण 'in front', 'before', 'to the east of', with gen. or acc.; अद्य पूर्वम् 'till-now', 'hitherto';पूर्वः -ततः -पश्चात् -उपरि 'first- then, first-afterwards', 'previously, subsequently',पूर्वम् -अधुना or-अद्य 'formerly-now.'-Comp. -अग्निः the sacred fire kept in the house (आवसथ्य).-अङ्गः the first day in the civil month.-अचलः, -अद्रिः the eastern mountain behind which the sun and moon are supposed to rise.-अधिकारिन् m. the first occu- pant, a prior owner.-अन्तः the end of a preceding word.- अपर a.1 eastern and western; कतमो$यं पूर्वापर- समुद्रावगाढः सानुमानालोक्यते Ś.7; पूर्वापरौ तोयनिधी वगाह्य Ku. 1.1.-2 first and last.-3 prior and subsequent, pre- ceding and following.-4 connected with another.(-रम्) 1 what is before and behind.-2 connection; न च पूर्वापरं विद्यात् Ms.8.56.-3 the proof and the thing to be proved. ˚विरोधः inconsistency, incongruity.-अभि- मुख a. turned towards or facing the east.-अभ्यासः former practice or experience.-अम्बुधिः the eastern ocean.-अर्जित a. attained by former works. (-तम्) ancestral property.-अर्धः, -र्धम् 1 the first half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6; समाप्तं पूर्वार्धम् &c.-2 the upper part (of the body); शकुन्तला पूर्वार्धेन शयनादुत्थाय Ś.3; R.16.6.-3 the first half of a hemistich.-अवसायिन् a. what occurs first or earlier; पूर्वावसायिनश्च बलीयांसो जघन्यावसायिभ्यः ŚB. on MS.12.2.34.-अह्णः the earlier part of the day, forenoon; Ms.4. 96,152. श्वः कार्यमद्य कुर्वीत पूर्वाह्णे चापराह्णिकम् (पूर्वाह्णतन, पूर्वा- ह्णिकः, पूर्वाह्णेतन a. relating to the forenoon).-आवेदकः a plaintiff.-आषाढा N. of the 2th lunar mansion con- sisting of two stars.- इतर a. western.-उक्त, -उदित a. beforementioned, aforesaid,-उत्तर a. north-eastern. (-रा) the north-east. (-रे dual) the preceding and following, antecedent and subsequent.-कर्मन् n.1 a former act or work.-2 the first thing to be done, a prior work.-3 actions done in a former life.-4 preparations, preliminary arrangements.-कल्पः former times.-कायः 1 the fore-part of the body of animals; पश्चार्धेन प्रविष्टः शरपतनभयाद् भूयसा पूर्वकायम् Ś.1.7.-2 the upper part of the body of men; स्पृशन् करेणानतपूर्वकायम् R.5.32; पर्यङ्कबन्धस्थिरपूर्वकायम् Ku.3.45.-काल a. belonging to ancient times. (-लः) former or ancient times.-कालिक, -कालीन a. ancient.-काष्ठा the east, eastern quarter.-कृत a. previously done. (-तम्) an act done in a former life.-कोटिः f. the starting point of a debate, the first statement or पूर्वपक्ष q. v.-क्रिया preparation.-गा N. of the river Godāvarī.-गङ्गा N. of the river Narmadā; रेवेन्दुजा पूर्वगङ्गा नर्मदा मेकलीद्रिजा Abh. Chin.183.-चोदित a.1 aforesaid, above-men- tioned.-2 previously stated or advanced (as an objec- tion.-ज a.1 born or produced before or formerly, first-produced, first-born; यमयोः पूर्वजः पार्थः Mb.3.141. 11.-2 ancient, old.-3 eastern.(-जः) 1 an elder brother; अपहाय महीशमार्चिचत् सदसि त्वां ननु भामपूर्वजः; Śi. 16.44; R.15.36.-2 the son of the elder wife.-3 an ancestor, a forefather; स पूर्वजानां कपिलेन रोषात् R.16.34.-4 (pl.) the progenitors of mankind.-5 the manes living in the world of the moon. (-जा) an elder sister.-जन्मन् n. a former birth. (-m.) an elder brother; स लक्ष्मणं लक्ष्मणपूर्वजन्मा (विलोक्य) R.14.44.;15.95.-जातिः f. a former birth.-ज्ञानम् knowledge of a former life.-तापनीयम् N. of the first half of नृसिंहतापनीयोपनिषद्.-दक्षिण a. south-eastern. (-णा) the south-east.-दिक्पतिः Indra, the regent of the east.-दिनम् the forenoon.-दिश् f. the east.-दिश्य a. situated towards the east, eastern.-दिष्टम् the award of destiny.-दृष्ट a.1 primæval.-2 declared by the ancients; यथा ब्राह्मण- चाण्डालः पूर्वदृष्टस्तथैव सः Ms.9.87.-देवः 1 an ancient deity.-2 a demon or Asura; भूमिदेवनरदेवसंगमे पूर्वदेवरिपुरर्हणां हरिः Śi.14.58.-3 a progenitor (पितृ).-4 (du.) an epithet of Nara-Nārāyaṇa; सव्यसाचिन् महाबाहो पूर्वदेव सनातन Mb.3. 41.35. (com. पूर्वदेव नरनारायणसख).-देवता a progenitor (पितृ) of gods or of men; अक्रोधनाः शौचपराः सततं ब्रह्म- चारिणः । न्यस्तशस्त्रा महाभागाः पितरः पूर्वदेवताः ॥ Ms.3.192.-देशः the eastern country, or the eastern part of India.-द्वार a. favourable in the eastern region.-निपातः the irregular priority of a word in a compound; cf. परनिपात.-निमित्त an omen.-निविष्ट a. made formerly, in past; यस्तु पूर्वनिविष्टस्य तडागस्योदकं हरेत् Ms.9.281.-पक्षः 1 the fore-part or side.-2 the first half of a lunar month; सर्वं पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षाभ्यामभिपन्नम् Bṛi. Up.3.1.5.-3 the first part of an argument, the prima facie argument or view of a question; विषयो विशयश्चैव पूर्वपक्षस्तथोत्तरम्.-4 the first objection to an argument.-5 the statement of the plaintiff.-6 a suit at law.-7 an assertion, a proposi- tion. ˚पादः the plaint, the first stage of a legal proceeding.-पदम् the first member of a compound or sentence.-पर्वतः the eastern mountain behind which the sun is supposed to rise.-पश्चात्, -पश्चिम ind. from the east to the west.-पाञ्चालक a. belonging to the eastern Pañch- ālas.-पाणिनीयाः m. (pl.) the disciples of Pāṇini living in the east.-पालिन् m. an epithet of Indra.-पितामहः a forefather, an ancestor; अब्रवीद् हि स मां क्रुद्धस्तव पूर्वपितामहः । मूत्रश्लेष्माशनः पाप निरयं प्रतिपत्स्यसे ॥ Mb.12.3.21.-पीठिका introduction.-पुरुषः 1 an epithet of Brahmā.-2 anyone of the first three ancestors, beginning with the father (पितृ, पितामह, and प्रपितामह); Pt.1.89.-3 an ancestor in general.-पूर्व a. each preceding one. (-र्वाः) m. (pl.) forefathers.-प्रोष्ठपदा = पूर्वभाद्रपदा; Mb.13.89.13.-फल्गुनी the eleventh lunar mansion containing two stars. ˚भवः an epithet of the planet Jupiter.-बन्धुः first or best friend; Mk.-भवः a former life.-भागः 1 the forepart.-2 the upper part.-भा(भ)द्रपदा the twentyfifth lunar mansion containing two stars.-भावः 1 priority.-2 prior or antecedent existence; येन सहैव यस्य यं प्रति पूर्वभावो$वगम्यते Tarka K.-3 (Rhet.) disclosing an intention.-भाषिन् a. willing to speak first; hence polite, courteous.-भुक्तिः f. prior occupation or possession; Ms.8.252.-भूत a. preceding, previous.-मध्याह्नः the forenoon.-मारिन् a. dying before; एवंवृत्तां सवर्णां स्त्रीं द्विजातिः पूर्वमारिणीम् (दाहयेत्) Ms.5.167.-मीमांसा 'the prior or first Mīmāṁsā', an inquiry into the first or ritual portion of the Veda, as opposed to the उत्तरमीमांसा or वेदान्त; see मीमांसा.-मुख a. having the face turned towards the east.-याम्य a. south-eastern.-रङ्गः the commencement or prelude of a drama, the prologue; यन्नाठ्यवस्तुनः पूर्वं रङ्गविघ्नोपशान्तये । कुशीलवाः प्रकुर्वन्ति पूर्वरङ्गः स उच्यते ॥ D. R; पूर्वरङ्गं विधायैव सूत्रधारो निवर्तते S. D.283; पूर्वरङ्गः प्रसंगाय नाटकीयस्य वस्तुनः Śi.2.8. (see Malli. there- on).-रागः the dawning or incipient love, love between two persons which springs (from some previous cause) before their meeting; श्रवणाद् दर्शनाद् वापि मिथः संरूढरागयोः । दशाविशेषोयो$प्राप्तौ पूर्वरागः स उच्यते ॥ S. D.214.-रात्रः the first part of the night (from dusk to midnight).-रूपम् 1 indication of an approaching change; an omen.-2 a symptom of occuring disease.-3 the first of two con- current vowels or consonants that is retained.-4 (in Rhet.) a figure of speech which consists in describing anything as suddenly resuming its former state.-लक्षणम् a symptom of coming sickness.-वयस् a. young. (-n.) youth.-वर्तिन् a. existing before, prior, previous.-वाक्यम् (in dram.) an allusion to former utterance.-वादः the first plea or commencement of an action at law; पूर्ववादं परित्यज्य यो$न्यमालम्बते पुनः । पदसंक्रमणाद् ज्ञेयो हीनवादी स वै नरः ॥ Mitā.-वादिन् m. the complainant or plaintiff.-विद् a. knowing the events of the past; historian; पृथोरपीमां पृथिवीं भार्यां पूर्वविदो विदुः Ms.9.44.-विप्रतिषेधः the conflict of two statements contrary to each other.-विहित a. deposited before.-वृत्तम् 1 a former event; पूर्ववृत्तकथितैः पुराविदः सानुजः पितृ- सखस्य राघवः (अह्यमानः) R.11.1.-2 previous conduct.-वैरिन् a. one who first commences hostilities, an ag- gressor.-शारद a. relating to the first half of autumn.-शैलः see पूर्वपर्वत.-सक्थम् the upper part of the thigh. P. V.4.98.-संचित a. gathered before (as in former birth); त्यजेदाश्वयुजे मासि मुन्यन्नं पूर्वसंचितम् Ms.6.15.-सन्ध्या daybreak, dawn; रजनिमचिरजाता पूर्वसंध्या सुतैव (अनुपतति) Si.11.4.-सर a. going in front.-सागरः the eastern ocean; स सेनां महतीं कर्षन् पूर्वसागरगामिनीम् R.4.32.-साहसः the first of the three fines; स दाप्यः पूर्वसाहसम् Ms.9.281.-स्थितिः f. former or first state. -
20 बहु _bahu
बहु a. (हु orही f.; compar. भूयस्; super. भूयिष्ठ)1 Much, plentiful, abundant, great; तस्मिन् बहु एतदपि Ś.4. 'even this was much for him' (was too much to be expected of him); बहु प्रष्टव्यमत्र Mu.3; अल्पस्य हेतोर्बहु हातुमिच्छन् R.2.47.-2 Many, numerous; as in बह्वक्षर, बहुप्रकार.-2 Frequented, repeated.-4 Large, great.-5 Abounding or rich in (as first member of comp.); बहुकण्टको देशः &c. ind.1 Much, abundantly, very much, exceedingly, greatly, in a high degree.-2 Somewhat, nearly, almost; as in बहुतृण. (किं बहुन 'why say much', 'in short'; बहु मन् to think or esteem highly, rate high, prize, value; त्वत्संभावितमात्मानं बहु मन्यामहे वयम् Ku.6.2; ययातेरिव शर्मिष्ठा भर्तुर्बहुमता भव Ś.4.7;7. 1; R.12.89; येषां च त्वं बहुमतो भूत्वा यास्यसि लाघवम् Bg.2. 35; Bk.3.53;5.84;8.12.)-Comp. -अक्षर a. having many syllables, polysyllabic (as a word).-अच्, -अच्क a. having many vowels, polysyllabic.-अनर्थ a. fraught with many evils.-अप्, -अप a. watery.-अपत्य a.1 having a numerous progeny.-2 (in astrol.) promising a numerous progeny.(-त्यः) 1 a hog.-2 a mouse, rat. (-त्या) a cow that has often calved.-अपाय a. exposed to many risks; स्वगृहो- द्यानगते$पि स्निग्धैः पापं विशङ्क्यते मोहात् । किमु दुष्टबह्वपायप्रतिभय- कान्तारमध्यस्थे ॥ Pt.2.166.-अर्थ a.1 having many senses.-2 having many objects.-3 important.-आशिन् a. voracious, gluttonous, बह्वाशी स्वल्पसन्तुष्टः सुनिद्रो लघुचेतनः । प्रभुभक्तश्च शूरश्च ज्ञातव्याः षट् शुनो गुणाः ॥ Chāṇakya. -m. N. of a son of Dhṛitarāṣṭra.-उदकः a kind of mendicant who lives in a strange town and maintains himself with alms got by begging from door to door; cf. कुटीचक.-उपयुक्त a. made to serve a manifold purpose; बहूप- युक्ता च बुद्धिः Dk.2.4.-उपाय a. effective.-ऋच् a. having many verses. (-f.) a term applied to the Ṛigveda.-ऋच a. having many verses. (-चः) one conversant with the Ṛigveda. (-ची) The wife of one who studies the Ṛigveda. Hence ˚ब्राह्मणम् means the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa which belongs to the Ṛigveda; बह्वृचब्राह्मणे श्रूयते ŚB. on MS.6.3.1.-एनस् a. very sinful.-कर a.1 doing much, busy, industrious.-2 useful in many ways.(-रः) 1 a sweeper, cleaner.-2 a camel.-3 the sun; बहुकरकृतात् प्रातःसंमार्जनात् N.19.13. (-री) a broom.-कारम् abundance; बहुकारं च सस्यानाम् Mb.12.193.21.-कालम् ind. for a long time.-कालीन a. of a long standing, old, ancient.-कूर्चः a kind of cocoa-nut tree.-क्रमः a Krama of more than three words; cf. क्रम.-क्षम a. patient; अतो$त्र किंचिद्भवतीं बहुक्षमां द्विजाति- भावादुपपन्नचापलः Ku.5.4.(-मः) 1 a Buddha.-2 a Jaina deified saint.-क्षारम् Soap; Nigh. Ratn. (-रः) a kind of alkali.-क्षीरा a cow giving much milk.-गन्ध a. strong-scented. (-न्धम्) cinnamon.-गन्धदा musk.-गन्धा 1 the Yūthikā creeper.-2 a bud of the Champaka tree.-गुण a. having many threads or qualities.-गुरुः One who has read much but superficially; sciolist.-गोत्रज a. having many blood relations.-ग्रन्थिः Tamarix Indica (Mar. वेळु ?).-च्छल a. deceitful.-छिन्ना a species of Cocculus (Mar. गुळवेल).-जनः a great multitude of people. ˚हितम् the common weal.-जल्प a. garrulous, talkative, loquacious.-ज्ञ a. knowing much, well informed, possessed of great knowledge.-तन्त्रीक a. many-stringed (as a musical instrument).-तृणम् anything much like grass; (hence) what is unimportant or contemptible; निदर्शनम- साराणां लघुर्बहुतृणं नरः Śi.2.5; N.22.137.-2 abounding in grass.-त्वक्कः, -त्वच् m. a kind of birch tree.-द a. liberal, generous.-दक्षिण a.1 attended with many gifts or donations.-2 liberal, munificent.-दर्शक, -दर्शिन् a. prudent, circumspect; कृत्येषु वाली मेधावी राजानो बहुदर्शिनः Rām.4.2.23.-दायिन् a. liberal, munificent, a liberal donor; Ch. Up.-दुग्ध a. yielding much milk. (-ग्धः) wheat. (-ग्धा) a cow yielding much milk.-दृश्वन् a. greatly experienced, a great observer.-दृष्ट a. very experienced.-दोष a.1 having many faults or defects, very wicked or sinful.-2 full of crimes of dangers; बहुदोषा हि शर्वरी Mk.1.58.-दोहना yielding much milk.-धन a. very rich, wealthy.-धारम् 1 the thunderbolt of Indra.-2 a diamond.-धेनुकम् a great number of milch-cows.-नाडिकः the body.-नाडीकः 1 day.-2 pillar; L. D. B.-नादः a conch-shell.-पत्नीकता polygamy.-पत्रः an onion. (-त्रम्) talc. (-त्री) the holy basil.-पद्, -पाद्, -पाद m. the fig-tree.-पुष्पः 1 the coral tree.-2 the Nimba tree.-पर्वन् m. (see -ग्रन्थिः).-प्रकार a. of many kinds, various, manifold. (-रम्) ind. in many ways, manifoldly.-प्रकृति a. consisting of many pri- mary parts or verbal elements (as a compound).-प्रज a. having many children, prolific.(-जः) 1 a hog.-2 the munja grass.-प्रज्ञ a. very wise.-प्रतिज्ञ a.1 comprising many statements or assertions, compli- cated.-2 (in law) involving many counts, as a plaint; बहुप्रतिज्ञं यत् कार्यं व्यवहारेषु निश्चितम् । कामं तदपि गृह्णीयाद् राजा तत्त्वबुभुत्सया Mitā.-प्रत्यर्थिक a. having many opponents.-प्रत्यवाय a. connected with many difficul- ties.-प्रद a. exceedingly liberal, a munificent donor.-प्रपञ्च a. very diffuse or prolix.-प्रसूः the mother of many children.-प्रेयसी a. having many loved ones.-फल a. rich in fruits. (-लः) the Kadamba tree. (-ली) the opposite-leaved fig-tree.-बलः a lion.-बीजम् the fruit of Anona Reticulata (Mar. सीताफल). (-जा) a kind of Musa (Mar. रानकेळ).-बोलक a. a great talker; Buddh.-भाग्य a. very lucky or fortunate.-भाषिन् a. garrulous, talkative.-भाष्यम् talkativeness, garrulity; उत्थानेन जयेत्तन्द्री वितर्कं निश्चयाज्जयेत् । मौनेन बहुभाष्यं च शौर्येण च भयं त्यजेत् ॥ Mb.12.274.11.-भुजा an epithet of Durgā.-भूमिक a. having many floors or stories.-भोग्या a prostitute.-भोजिन् a. voracious.-मञ्जरी the holy basil.-मत a.1 highly esteemed or prized, valued, respected; येषां च त्वं बहुमतो भूत्वा यास्यसि लाघवम् Bg.2.35.-2 having many different opinions.-मतिः f. great value or estimation; कान्तानां बहुमतिमाययुः पयोदाः Ki.7. 15.-मध्यग a. belonging to many; न निर्हारं स्त्रियः कुर्युः कुटुम्बाद्बहुमध्यगात् Ms.9.199.-मलम् lead.-मानः great respect or regard, high esteem; पुरुषबहुमानो विगलितः Bh.3.9; वर्तमानकवेः कालिदासस्य क्रियायां कथं परिषदो बहुमानः M.1; V.1.2; Ku.5.31. (-नम्) a gift given by a superior to an inferior.-मान्य a. respectable, esteem- able; Kull. on Ms.2.117.-माय a. artful, deceitful. treacherous; परदेशभयाद्भीता बहुमाया नपुंसकाः । स्वदेशे निधनं यान्ति Pt.1.321.-मार्गः a place where many roads meet.-मार्गगा 1 N. of the river Ganges; तद्युक्तं बहुमार्गगां मम पुरो निर्लज्ज वोढुस्तव Ratn.1.3.-2 a wanton or un- chaste woman.-मार्गी a place where several roads meet.-मुख a.1 much, excessive; अस्या भर्तुर्बहुमुखमनुरागम् Ś.6.-2 Speaking variously.-मूत्र a. suffering from diabetes.-मूर्ति a. multiform, variously shaped. (-र्तिः f.) the wild cotton-shrub.-मूर्धन् m. an epithet of Viṣṇu.-मूला Asparagus Racemosus (शतावरी).-मूल्य a. costly, high-priced. (-ल्यम्) a large sum of money, heavy or costly price.-मृग a. abounding in deer.-रजस् a. very dusty.-रत्न a. rich in jewels.-रस a. juicy, succulent. (-सः) sugar-cane.-राशि a. (in arith.) consisting of many terms. (-शिः) m. a series of many terms.-रूप a.1 many-formed, multiform, manifold.-2 variegated, spotted, chequered; वैश्वदेवं बहुरूपं हि राजन् Mb.14.1.3.(-पः) 1 a lizard, chameleon.-2 hair.-3 the sun.-4 N. of Śiva.-5 of Viṣṇu.-6 of Brahmā.-7 of the god of love.-रूपक a. multiform, manifold.-रेतस् m. an epithet of Brahmā.-रोमन् a. hairy. shaggy. (-m.) a sheep.-लवणम् a soil impregnated with salt.-वचनम् the plural number (in gram.); द्व्यैकयोर्द्विवचनैकवचने, बहुषु बहुवचनम्.-वर्ण a. many-coloured.-वादिन् a. garrulous.-वारम् ind. many times, often.-वारः, -वारकः Cordia Myxa (Mar. भोकर).-वार्षिक a. lasting for many years.-विक्रम a. very powerful, heroic, a great warrior.-विघ्न a. presenting many difficulties, attended with many dangers.-विध a. of many kinds, manifold, diverse.-वी(बी)जम् the custard apple.-वीर्य a. very powerful or efficacious. (-र्यः) N. of various plants (such as Terminalia Bel- lerica, Mar. बेहडा).-व्ययिन् a. lavish, prodigal, spendthrift.-व्यापिन् a. far-spreading, wide.-व्रीहि a. possessing much rice; तत्पुरुष कर्मधारय येनाहं स्यां बहुव्रीहिः Udb. (where it is also the name of the compound). (-हिः) one of the four principal kinds of compounds in Sanskrit. In it, two or more nouns in apposition to each other are compouded, the attributive member (whether a noun or an adjective) being placed first, and made to qualify another substantive, and neither of the two members separately, but the sense of the whole compound, qualifies that substantive; cf. अन्य- पदार्थप्रधानो बहुव्रीहिः. This compound is adjectival in character, but there are several instances of Bahuvrīhi compounds which have come to be regarded and used as nouns (their application being restricted by usage to particular individuals); i. e. चक्रपाणि, शशिशेखर, पीताम्बर, चतुर्मुख, त्रिनेत्र, कुसुमशर &c.-शत्रुः a sparrow.-शल्यः a species of Khadira.-शस्त a. very good, right or happy.-शाख a. having many branches or ramifica- tions.-शिख a. having many points.-शृङ्गः an epithet of Viṣṇu.-श्रुत a.1 well-informed, very learned तस्मिन् पुरवरे हृष्टा धर्मात्मानो बहुश्रुताः Rām. H.1.1; Pt.2. 1; R.15.36.-2 well-versed in the Vedas; गुरुं वा बाल- वृद्धौ वा ब्राह्मणं वा बहुश्रुतम् । आततायिनमायान्तं हन्यादेवाविचारयन् ॥ Ms.8.35. (-तिः) the occurrence of the plural in a text.-संख्याक a. numerous.-सत्त्व a. abounding in animals.-संतति a. having a numerous progeny. (-तिः) a kind of bamboo.-सार a. possessed of great pith or essence, substantial. (-रः) the Khadira tree.-साहस्र a. amounting to many thousands.-सूः 1 a mother of many children.-2 a cow.-सूतिः f.1 a mother of many children.-2 a cow that often calves.-स्वन a. vociferous. (-नः) an owl.-स्वामिक a. owned by many.
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